Manhunt: Rhyme and War

Poetry Essay: Manhunt How does Simon Armitage display the impact that war can have upon a relationship within ‘Manhunt’? Simon Armitage displays the impact that war can have upon a relationship by using a large range of methods to make the poem interesting. The first technique that he uses is ambiguity. He uses this in the title ‘Manhunt’. Its metaphoric meaning is about the relationship between the man and his wife and how she tries to find her husband again after the war has taken him away from her. She feels like she has lost him even though he has just returned.The poem is written in first person and from the perspective of the wife to show how she feels about her husband returning back from the war. When Simon uses the phrase â€Å"after the first phase† this implies that this only the beginning of the journey that is about to take place. It also implies that this is a long process and that she is trying to take it step by step. The phrases †Å"and handle and hold†¦and mind and attend†¦and finger and thumb† are like those used in wedding vows only they have been altered so that it shows the vows that she is repeating have changed because her husband has changed.I think it means that she feels like she is marrying her husband again because he is not the same and she is getting to know him again after the impact of war and the long time apart. There is a constant repetition of the words â€Å"only then† which tells us how long this journey was taking. It puts emphasis on time that this takes and shows us that though the poem is short; the journey being told took much longer. It also shows us how restricted their relationship had become as it is no longer as free as it was before her husband returned.The phrase â€Å"Only then would he let me† shows us that her husband is very reluctant to her coming close to him. He does not want her to feel the hurt and the pain that he is feeling. He feels l ike he has let his wife down. The lines â€Å"and feel the hurt of his grazed heart† are short and this brings out the intensity and the words. The word ‘grazed’ is more than just physical as it has been grazed emotionally as well. I think it shows us how extreme the impact of the war has been on the relationship as it has hurt him in more ways than one.The phrase â€Å"bind the struts† is used to make it seem like a ladder and it seems to me like these words are used to dehumanise him. This technique is also used in the phrase â€Å"punctured lung† as though he is not human anymore. The war has had such an impact on this man that he is no longer human, even to someone as important as wife who knows him so well. It shows how negative the impact of war can be on relationships. The structure of the poem is quite simple. It is written in couplets which signify that they are a couple and it highlights the intensity of their relationship.Armitage uses en jambment where the lines run on in parallel of ‘frozen river’ which shows the depths of his pain and the wife’s attempt to explore those depths. The rhyme scheme of the poem is AABBCDEFGHIJKLMNOPPQRSTUV. There are some rhymes in the poem but there are more half-rhymes. This is an irregular rhyme scheme and it signifies that as the rhymes are broken, so is their relationship. The phrase â€Å"the parachute silk† is a metaphor and shows us just how delicate this man is after war has changed his life, his body and his relationship with his wife.It also shows us how tentative his wife is and how careful she has to be when she is with him. In the last line of the poem there are two commas used and this is a technique used to elongate the sentence and show how slow the journey is. It shows us the journey is slowing down and how the whole process is not very fast at all and though we can not be sure of the time span of which all this happened over we can be sure that it was very long. The phrase â€Å"scarring back to its source† uses the method of sibilance where the sound of the words is very sinister and it sounds very eerie.The phrase â€Å"sweating, unexploded mine† shows us that the word unexploded gives it the potential to explode. It shows us that the impact of war has a lasting effect. It also shows us that though it hasn’t exploded the journey for the wife could take even longer than expected if the worst might possibly not have come yet. The repetition of the word ‘and’ shows us how repetitive the wife’s mission is to fine her husband because she is going over the same steps continuously and it might take much more time than she wishes it would.

Child Education In India Education Essay

Education has continued to germinate, diversify and widen its range and coverage since the morning of human history. Every state develops its system of instruction to show and advance its alone socio-cultural individuality and besides to run into the challenges of the times. There are minutes in history when a new way has to be given to an antique procedure. That minute is today. The state has reached a phase in its economic and proficient development when a major attempt must be made to deduce the maximal benefit from the assets already created and to guarantee that the fruits of alteration reach all subdivisions. Education is the main road to that end. Issues Prevelance of Child labor: All non-school traveling kids are child workers in one signifier or the other. Agricultural kid labor constitutes the nucleus of the job. Child labour policies and instruction policies have to be formulated and operated in tandem. Parents do desire to direct their kids to be educated and poorness as a confining factor is extremely over-rated. Motivation and handiness of substructure instead than poorness are the cardinal factors. The paper underlines the strengths of formal instruction in eliminating child labor and forcefully argues for a statute law to supply for compulsory education.A The chief statement against child labor and mandatory instruction is that it is necessary for the well-being of the hapless as the province is unable to supply alleviation. The 2nd statement, is that instruction would do the hapless ill-sorted for the sort of manual work that is required to be done. The 3rd statement is that certain industries would be forced to shut down if they did non hold the installation of the low pay kid labor. The last statement against censoring child labor and implementing mandatory instruction is that the State should non be allowed to interfere in the parents ‘ rights who know what is best for their kids and households. Lack of Coverage: Despite the regular enlargement of the ICDS, the coverage of kids for ECCE is still every bit low as 20 per centum. This is an issue of both unequal entree and unequal quality of service bringing. With ICDS go oning to be the chief vehicle for ECCE, the GOI is suggesting to spread out the service further and universalise it within the following few old ages. While this is a welcome proposal, the hazard is of spread outing excessively fast and compromising on quality. Girl Child Education: The Indian authorities has expressed a strong committedness towards instruction for all ; nevertheless, India still has one of the lowest female literacy rates in Asia. In 1991, less than 40 per centum of the 330 million adult females aged 7 and over were literate, which means today there are over 200 million illiterate adult females in India. Laws Associating to Child Education in IndiaConstitutional place of instruction in IndiaWhile sing the assorted facets of instruction with respect to province duty, judicial readings, given to this duty by assorted legal experts are the primary beginning of larning. In the good old times, instruction was basically an act of charity or philanthropic gift. Then, it was thought of as an ‘occupation ‘ . Judicial pronouncement went so far as to see it as an ‘industry ‘ . Whether or non to comprehend instruction as a cardinal right or non has been debated for a long clip. The constitution and the disposal of an educational establishment for the conveyance of cognition to pupils is an business, protected by Article 19 ( 1 ) ( g ) and to boot by Article 26 ( a ) , if there is no component of net income coevals. Imparting instruction has come to be a agency of support for some professionals. It is considered as a mission in life for some philanthropists. â€Å" Education † was a State Subject in position of the undermentioned Entry 11, placed in List II State List: – â€Å" 11. Education including universities, capable to the commissariats of entries 63, 64, 65 and 66 of List I and entry 25 of List III. † By the Constitution ( 42nd Amendment ) Act 1976, the above-said Entry was directed to be deleted and alternatively Entry 25 in List III Concurrent List, was directed to be appropriately amended so as to read as under: – â€Å" 25. Education, including proficient instruction, medical instruction and universities, capable to the commissariats of entries 63, 64, 65 and 66 of List I ; vocational and proficient preparation of labor † The Constitution of India has laid a directive before the province to do a proviso of free and mandatory instruction for kids below the age of 14 old ages. 45. Provision for free and mandatory instruction for kids: The State shall endeavour to supply, within a period of 10 old ages from the beginning of this Constitution, for free and mandatory instruction for all kids until they complete the age of 14 old ages. However, the authorities has non been successful in supplying equal installations of instruction for the under privileged kids, located in the rural countries. The Supreme Court in the instance Unnikrishnan vs. State of Andhra Pradesh ( 1993 ) ruled that the right to instruction is a cardinal right that flows from the right to life in Article 21 of the Constitution. Following this opinion, the 86th Constitution Amendment Act, 2002 added Article 21A, saying, â€Å" The State shall supply free and mandatory instruction to all kids of the age of six to fourteen old ages in such mode as the State may, by jurisprudence, determine. † The 86th Amendment besides modified Article 45, which now reads â€Å" The State shall endeavour to supply early childhood attention and instruction for all kids until they complete the age of 6 old ages. † The province late enacted the Right to Education Act, seeking to consequence the 86th Constitutional amendmentJudiciary and EducationIn the judgement of Unnikrishnan, a Constitution Bench of this Court framed a strategy that governs admittances to professional colleges. The chief aim was to guarantee that virtue prevails in the affair of admittances, both in regard of what were called â€Å" free seats † every bit good as in regard of â€Å" payment seats. † This judgement was rendered on February 4, 1993. The strategy was to be effectual from the Academic Year 1993-94 onwards. Review Petitions were filed by several establishments against the said judgement. They were dismissed by the Constitution Bench. The judgement of P.A. Inamdar and others vs. State of Maharashtra was a landmark in the field of educational jurisprudence. Law studies are full with opinions related to the instruction in its several facets. Until the T.M.A Pai Foundation instance, there were four oft- quoted prima instances refering the field of instruction, viz. , ( I ) Unni Krishnan v. State of Andhra Pradesh ( 1993 ) 1 SCC 645 ( two ) St. Stephen ‘s College v. University of Delhi ( 1992 ) 1 SCC 558 ( three ) Ahmedabad St. Xavier ‘s College Society v. State of Gujarat ( 1974 ) 1 SCC 717 and ( four ) Rhenium: Kerala Education Bill, 1957, ( 1958 ) SCR 995.Right to Education ActThe Right to Education Act seeks to give consequence to the 86th Amendment of the Constitution of India. Outstanding commissariats: The State shall guarantee a school in every vicinity Every school shall conform to certain minimal criterions, defined in the Bill Government schools shall supply free instruction to all admitted kids Private schools shall acknowledge at least 25 % of kids from weaker subdivisions ; no fee shall be charged to these kids Screening trials at the clip of admittance and capitation fees are prohibited for all kids Government schools will be managed by School Management The National Commission for Elementary Education shall be constituted to supervise all facets of simple instruction including quality.The Right to Education Act prescribes the Rights of Every Child as follows:Every kid between the age of 6 and 14 old ages has the right to full-time free and mandatory instruction in a neighbourhood school. Non-enrolled kids, of age group 7-9 old ages, have the right to be admitted in an age-appropriate class within one twelvemonth of the beginning of the Act, and kids, of age group 9-14 old ages, have the right to be provided particular programmes that will enable them to go to such class within three old ages. Children with terrible or profound disablement, who are unable to go to a neighbourhood school, have the right to be provided instruction in an appropriate environment. A kid can non be held back in any class or expelled from a school boulder clay Class VIII. Any ejection requires an order of the School Management Committee ( SMC ) , which will be given merely after all other disciplinary steps have been exhausted, and parents/guardians have been heard. The local authorization will take stairss to inscribe such a kid in another neighbourhood school.The Act besides prescribes the duty of the State as follows:The State shall guarantee handiness of a neighbourhood school for every kid within three old ages. In instance of non-availability, free conveyance or free residential installations shall be provided. The state/UT authorities shall find every twelvemonth the demand of schools, installations, and their locations ; set up extra schools as required ; deploy instructors and create installations for their preparation. The State shall develop a mechanism to supervise registration, engagement and attainment position of every kid, and take disciplinary stairss wheresoever required. Information in this respect will be made available in the public sphere, including on an online footing. School Admissions No school can carry on any screening process of any kid or parents at the clip of admittance. Children will be selected for admittance in a random mode. Capitation fees are prohibited.Commissariats refering School Management:All non-government schools have to be recognized by a Competent Authority or they must close down. The Act specifies certain norms ( such as teacher-student ratio, physical substructure etc. ) to be fulfilled by all schools as a pre-requisite for being recognized. All State and aided schools are required to organize School Management Committees ( SMCs ) with at least 75 % of the members being parents/guardians, and the other members stand foring instructors, the community and the local authorization. SMCs will pull off the school, including the countenance of leaveCommissariats sing Content and ProcessSchools and academic governments explicating course of study shall conform to the values enshrined in the Constitution. Schools should run in a child- friendly and child- centred mode. No kid shall be required to look at a public scrutiny before finishing Grade VIII. Policies and SchemesOutstanding Policies in the Context of Provision of Early Childhood Care and Education ( ECCE ) in IndiaNational Nutrition Policy ( 1993 ) which recognized kids below six old ages as bad groups to be given high precedence. National Policy on Empowerment of Women ( 2001 ) , supported proviso of child care installations, including creches at work topographic points. India besides ratified Convention on Rights of the Child in 1992 and reaffirmed its committedness to kids, which resulted in preparation of policy model to fix a National Charter for Children. National Commission for Children has besides been set up. The Commission as visualized would protect/safeguard the rights of kids with a strong legal base. National Plan of Action for Children ( 2005 ) included universalisation of ECCE as one of the ends. It specified attention, protection and development chances for kids below 3 old ages and integrated attention and development and pre-school acquisition chances for 3-6 twelvemonth olds. National Curriculum Framework ( 2005f emphasized two old ages of pre-schooling and considered ECCE as important for holistic development of the kid, as a readying for schooling and as a support service for adult females and misss. It advocated play-based developmentally appropriate course of studyIntegrated Child Development Services ( ICDS )India has the differentiation of holding conceptualized and floated possibly the universe ‘s largest plan for kids, modeled on the definition which says that working with kids means a more holistic position one of its constituents is child instruction, every bit early as in 1975. Known as the Integrated Child Development Services ( ICDS ) , this plan targets kids, pregnant and breastfeeding female parents and adolescent misss from a lifecycle perspective Non-formal preschool instruction has been one of its nucleus constituents.Other Policies and Schemesaˆ? National Policy on Education, 1968 aˆ? National Policy on Education, 1986 aˆ? National Policy on Education, 1986 ( As modified in 1992 ) aˆ? National Common Minimum Programme of the UPA Government, announced in May, 2004 Infusions associating to Education aˆ? National Curriculum Framework, 2005 aˆ? National Commission for Protection of Child Rights aˆ? Jawahar Bala Arogya Raksha aˆ? Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan ( RMSA ) aˆ? Incentives to Girls for Secondary Education aˆ? Information and Communication Technology in Schools ( ICT @ Schools ) aˆ? Primary Education – Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan SuggestionsDecentralized and holistic planning for kids:Given India ‘s diverseness and scale the planning procedure and designing of intercessions for kids have to be contextualized. This can merely be possible through a decentralized and participatory attack to planning and execution. The Education sector already has experience of this attack to some extent and the plans /services for younger kids would necessitate to larn from this experience and make out to kids in a more targeted and local specific manner.Precedence to and Ownership of ECCE:Very late, the entire duty of ECCE has been shifted from Department of Education within the Ministry of Human Resource Development to a freshly created Ministry of Women and Child Development. Though, it is excessively early to notice upon the deductions of this determination, nevertheless, it is likely to bring forth a batch of treatment and argument about the issue of ownership and its logistic location with the instruction sector.Pres cription V. Practice:While, a favorable policy model and appropriate curricular counsel is available in the state for ECCE ; the world is that there is a big spread between what is prescribed or suggested and what is practiced. In a survey conducted by the NCERT ( 1998 ) it was found that about all the ICDS centres observed adhered to learning of 3 R ‘s ( reading, composing and arithmetic ) and there was a practical absence of any drama activities. Typically, the activities of preschool instruction under ICDS are conducted for a period runing from 45 proceedingss to two hours duration daily, with minimum drama and larning material support and that excessively, mostly in the absence of sufficient outdoor and indoor infinites, basic substructure installations and competent workers. Preschool instruction in private/ public baby's room schools, once more, is mostly a downward extension of primary instruction course of study, with instructors frequently holding no ECCE preparation. Training Inputs and Institutional Support:Effective readying of teachers/service suppliers for ECCE is another issue, which is expected to find quality. Matching to the scope of ECCE plans and enterprises in India there is a assortment of developing commissariats in ECCE, every bit good. These scope from the two twelvemonth integrated Nursery Teachers ‘ preparation plan ( NTT ) which aims at fixing instructors for preschool phase ( 3-6 old ages ) and for the first two classs ( 6-8 old ages ) of the primary phase, In add-on, the course of study of higher/ senior secondary phase of instruction ( +2 ) in Central Board of Secondary Education, National Institute of Open Schooling and many State Education Boardss have besides included early childhood instruction as an country of vocational instruction.Public Spending on Childs:For the really first clip, in the twelvemonth ( 2004-05 ) , the Ministry of Women and Child Development ( MWCD ) in Government of India undertook a ‘chi ld budgeting ‘ exercising to look at commissariats and outgos for kids more holistically. This portends good for a more comprehensive attack towards planning and budgeting for kids in the hereafter. The public financess allocated to kids are classified under four caputs in the kid budgeting exercising: ICDS & A ; Nutrition, Education, Health and Child Protection and others. As per the Fundamental law of India, kid related commissariats are in the coincident list of duties with the States holding a outstanding function in service bringing. However, most of the provinces passing are on perennial points of outgos, it is the financess which are made available through the Centrally Sponsored Schemes that provide for reform and quality betterment. Overall, there has been an addition in outgo on kids as a per centum of GNP from 2.66 % in 1993-94 to 3.26 % in 2001-02 ( DWCD, Annual Report, 2004-05 ) . As indicated in Figure 13 below, in footings of comparative parts, both the cardinal and State parts show steady additions over clip, particularly since 1997-98, with the provinces ‘ part being significantly more dominant. Still the overall public outgo is far less than it should be.

Intellectual property- Business Policies and Business Law Essay

Intellectual property- Business Policies and Business Law - Essay Example In some jurisdictions, copyright, patents, trademarks, trade secrets, and industrial design rights are also considered as common intellectual properties. This paper will discuss the business policies and needs regarding the creation and protection of intellectual property. Intellectual Property (IP) policies or laws As stated above, IP can be referred to an intangible form of property and it is entirely different from a personal property or real property. Knowledge and innovations have great roles to play in improving organizational performance. Nowadays, people recognize products in terms of brand names and hence companies give major focus on the promotion of their brand names. As Bagley and Dauchy (2011, p. 492) point out, individuals are given certain exclusive rights for the preservation of their intellectual property because governments and other legal bodies believe that the intellectual property rights would encourage the creators to make further innovations that may benefit t he society as whole. For instance, recently Samsung and LG jointly paid $964 million to Kodak in order to settle the intellectual property law infringement battle. Similarly, Kodak has also filed a suit against Apple’s iPhone and RIM’s Blackberry for the breach of patent laws. The extent of protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights largely varies from country to country. ... Both common law and statute play a significant role in the IP law relating to the creation and protection of intellectual property. Trade secrets are established on the strength of common law. In order to protect those trade secrets, both contract law and tort law provides certain legal options. Since trademarks, patents, and copyrights are under private ownership for a restricted period of time, specific statues are concerned with the creation and serving of such concepts. Similarly, artistic works such as books, photographs, paintings, and movies are subjected to copyright law. It is observed that businesses most often take advantages of trademark and patent laws since they are the primary beneficiaries of the protected property’s commercial value. US Constitution and Congressional legislature is the major institution responsible for the governance of copyrights and patents whereas state and federal laws are concerned with dealing with trademarks and unfair competition dispu tes. Since patent law is a very complicated and broad one, several adjustments are made to patent law according the nature of breach of contract. Most areas of the international IP law are governed by the federal as well as international treaty laws. The significance of protecting intellectual property was firstly expressed in the â€Å"Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property in 1883 and the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works in 1886† (Understanding copyright and related rights). Industrial property and copyright are the two broad classifications under the concept intellectual property. Industrial property is

Law Essay on Partiality Theory Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law on Partiality Theory - Essay Example On the other hand, there are some world’s population of refugees that is either impossible or impractical to first find their way into a neighbouring country and then later from there, seek resettlement3. One of the reasons for this could be that the countries neighbouring the conflicted country are not part or are not signatories to the laws applying internationally, which are supposed to ensure that those individuals are safe in those neighbouring countries4. Moreover, it could be that the escapees would not be safe especially if that country showed sympathy to the prosecutor regime. As such, those individuals are referred to as asylum seekers. Partiality theory, as used in issues concerning refugees and asylum seeking, exists as a virtue making up contemporary or present international systems. As such, these international systems give states a right in deciding which individuals will be admitted for entrance and who will not. Still, the term encompasses the individuals, who have been granted a permission to remain by being given an exceptional leave or even have been given an indefinite leave to remain. In regards to the past two decades, issues pertaining to migration have been a major as well as a top concern to the public. As such, it is a weighty issue mostly in the UK, across Europe and in most industrialized countries across the world5. Therefore, contextualisation, which tend to be taken in response to refugees as well as asylum seekers within a range of measures, which are broad in nature, do relate to visitors and migrants to various countries in the world especially in across the UK. As such, the Governments themselves tend to seek integration of measures, which it takes in response to the refugees and the asylum seekers within those broader policies associated with migration. Still, there emerges significant merging involving several categories of migrants, refugees as well as asylum seekers in the context of the press coverage as well as i n the public imaginations6. The purpose of this discussion is to access how partiality theory is applied in countries in deciding who enters the country and how it reduces the chances of vices after entrance of refugees and asylum seekers. Where questions arise concerning the admittance of foreigners to membership and the disturbance caused to the current lifestyle as well as the citizens’ commitment share, an account for the partiality theory usually tends to give the best answers. As such, a tremendous amount of individuals entering the state either legally or illegally would lead to social vices and misdemeanours such as; tensions and racial violence, infrastructure are placed into extreme pressure, liberal and democratic institutions undermined and even jeopardizing the law and order in a country. In a number of cases, new settlers tend to threaten the capability to fulfil the responsibilities of these states, which are fundamental in an effort to satisfy the basic needs as well as the requirements of security for its citizens. New policies, operational guidelines as well as laws plethora have been introduced in many countries signified in the recent years and thus suggesting a continuity of uncertainty in relation to how the issues concerning refugees and the asylum seekers as well as migration in general are addressed. According to

Reading Assessment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reading Assessment - Assignment Example In their past experience, they should also be able to relate to the main character's initial delight at being able to eat all the saccharine-laced food that was being presented and recognize the need to eat other kind of food for their nutritional value. The selection was written in simple language with basic idiomatic expressions that children of their age normally use. There is an introduction to the use of adverbs and usage of present-tense verbs as the selection describes what the character does in candy land. New vocabulary words are highlighted filled with context clues. The context clues will prove useful for describing sensory images that will create an effective mental picture of the dilemma the character experiences as the story progresses. The selection is written in simple language and there would be minimal confusion if the reader's first language was English. Since some of the words are in boldface, the facilitator can develop an exercise where the readers figure which of those words fit in each item of the exercise. It can focus on vocabulary mastery or grammar skills. There were some sentence patterns that might need further explanation for the readers as they are filled with modifiers, clauses and other word groups. They can be taught to identify the key words and the main components of the sentence patterns to comprehend the complex sentence structure. Most of the words tha... Students will be encouraged to read the selection by paragraphs so that they will be able to form hypotheses and predict outcomes for the next set of paragraphs. Word families will also be incorporated so that they get to recognize word patterns in the story in order to get a new word's meaning lacking context clues. Students will be encouraged to enrich the vocabulary they already know through creation of original sentences which may not be related to the read selection. Summary Gunning (1996) believes that the reading theories are interconnected and that the learner will make use of these reading theories to comprehend the selection. Huffman (1998) on the other hand, thinks that students will resort to the KWL method, an acronym that describes reading comprehension occurs accordingly: what the students know, what the students want to know and what was learned. The reading activities can be structured according to the KWL method but incorporating the skills described in the reading theories. The unit plan can be built around this text as it can be enriched through language development. However, since this is upper-level elementary, the students will crave for a variety of selection to read. There could be one prevailing theme, as in balanced nutrition in this selection, but made up of various reading texts of gradually increasing complexity. Bibliography A Sweet Adventure. (2007). Retrieved January 12, 2010, from ABC Teach website: http://www.abcteach.com/free/r/rc_sweetadventure_elemupper.pdf Gunning, T. G. (1996). Creating Reading Instruction for All Children, (6), 192-236. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Huffman, L. E. (1998). Spotlighting Specifics by Combining Focus Questions with K-W-L.

Nursing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Nursing Management - Essay Example The paper tells that high turnover rates may lead to poor patient outcomes because the institution could loose employees who have gained some levels of expertise, familiarity with the work environment and patient trust. This has the potential of making the hospital to loose customers leading to reduce profit margins or reduced economies of scale. The institution also incurs expenses in the process of recruiting new staff. At times, the new workforce needs to be trained on certain skills that are important for quality patient outcomes. This means the higher the turn over rates, the higher the rate at which the institution incurs these expenses. Castle and Engberg explain that when the levels of absenteeism are high, the nurses who are available are forced to take mandatory overtime and this presents extra costs to the healthcare institution. This could also affect the efficiency of the available nurses because of working under strenuous conditions. Because of this, the healthcare inst itution may become limited in its capacity to handle normal number of patients. Absenteeism also leads to inconsistency in managing patient cases because teams handling patients have to be changed frequently and this may lead to poor patient outcomes and reduced trust by customers. In regard to patient privacy, nurses should consider the effects of breaching privacy on the patient such as withdrawal and lack of cooperation. There are also circumstances which require that nurses weigh the importance of revealing the patient information to some relevant information verses the risks of maintaining privacy. An example is where the parents of a youngsters have to be notified of their child’s condition so that they can support in paying for their treatment. If the youngster’s condition is serious and the parents are not notified, the patient could die. Nurses should also consider the relevance of the third parties for example insurance companies or employers paying for a pat ient’s medical bills have the right to access the patient’s medical records or else they might not pay. Others could include people who could be potentially harmed by the patient’s condition. In the case of married couples, nurses should not withhold the medical records of their partners from them. 3) Discuss the importance of policy, protocol and procedure manuals in hospital wards. In hospital wards, policies are important in justifying some of the interventions taken by nurses that the patients could question for example referral of all patients suspected to be victims of physical abuse or rape to the most appropriate external medical provider. They also spell out permission granted to nurses in regard to some emergency cases for example administration of epinephrine to a anaphylaxis patient without an order from registered nurse or physician. Protocols guide nurses on the right thing to do in regard to their various roles for example what to include when mak ing orders for the treatment of a patient. These could include patient’s full names, frequency and route of administration, date and time ordered among others. Procedure manuals on the other hand ensure that right from reception, admission and henceforth, the correct medical examinations and procedures are conducted on all patients and they are given the right medications. 4) Define the term ‘skill mix’, and explain why ‘team nursing’ is ‘skill mix’. The term skill mix simply means a mix of staff in the workforce or the pooling of professionals from various fields to accomplish a given task. Roles and activities are demarcated among various categories of staff. Team nursing can be described as skill mix because it involves the working together of professionals

History of American Ethnics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History of American Ethnics - Essay Example In their social and political lifestyle they remain naturally embodied in the simple nature of living and in a way they tend to shun away from the civilization process of life. The noble salvage are regarded as backwards and mostly admired for their simplified mode of living. According to, (The University of Texas at Austin Counseling and Mental Health Center, 2015), the minority model stereotype is a model that is characterized for it rare membership in the society and it is oftenly regarded as the highly group that has the highest positions in the socioeconomic circles of success in the society. They are characterized according to their ethnicity, religion and races among other factors. According to The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica (2014), their characterization comes into effect through their family stability and social status, education levels and their income rates that they acquire. Both the noble savage and the minority have similarities that they share in their day to day life and often, they tend to meet indirectly at different point in time in their social, political and cultural spheres. According to The University of Texas at Austin Counseling and Mental Health Center (2015), the noble salvage has the inborn nature and culture that they have to be proud of their background and that they must intend to keep it running in their lineage. This applies similarity to the minority noble stereotype that is naturally mentored to keep the family wealth and status at par and be proud of who they are and where they came from. The difference here comes in where the noble savage stereotype tend to bank so much on their origin of nature and the minority noble tend to bank so much on civilization. In this case the minority tend to be good in white collar professionalism as they also do well in their academic and educational levels, (T.K., 2010), notes. The blue

Marketing plan for topps tiles for 2009 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing plan for topps tiles for 2009 - Essay Example The additional spending it had made on a national level TV advertisement campaign coupled with the inflationary trends have resulted in the increased gross expenditure of 43 percent of the total revenue, while it was only 41 percent the last year. On the basic earning reported per share, the results showed a reduction of about 16.5 percent (Topps tile , 2007). But initiatives are being taken to position Topps tiles as the most favoured brand through different customer relationships initiatives, advertisements and also variety of social outreach programmes. The marketing plan for the Topp tiles have been prepared after a very careful analysis of current market position and anticipated growth for the current year. The plans would include all the possible stakeholders in the business of tiles. They are the customers, builders association in UK and also other business players targeting similar set of customer needs. The primary approach is to create a wide range of product choices that would make the customer with excellent choices and hence the purchase could be completed for the choice expected by them. The broad distribution of buyers are shown in the figure 1. Innovative strategies are adopted for the effective marketing of Topp tiles across U K and Holland. The emphasis would be on strengthening the existing customer base at the current sales locations and hence concentrate more to stabilize the leadership position in the tile segment. In one of the important plans proposed, the effort is given to motivate a buyer to have more purchases in the period even though the market studies have shown the prevailing tendency among the customers as to reduce the buying choices to the most minimum levels. Hence, it is to be planned that every prospective customer need to be motivated to have a higher volume of choices, which could

My fellow thanes for Macbeths Coronation banquet Essay Example for Free

My fellow thanes for Macbeths Coronation banquet Essay My lady and I were asked to join my fellow thanes for Macbeths Coronation banquet. As we entered the cavernous hall, which had been decorated with splendid colours and banners, I noticed few people were talking. The sullen silence made the hall seem even bigger and perhaps even darker, and then, I gasped in astonishment as I noticed the feast (I do not know how I could have missed it) it was so vast it took up twenty full tables. Every imaginable food was there including much game. I had only just taken it all in when the sound of trumpets announced to the assembly the king was coming. He and his wife entered. Macbeth was dressed in fine clothes, red and gold silks and rare animal furs. Upon each finger a gold ring glittered , and of course the golden crown of the king. Lady Macbeth was also dressed in fine silks complimenting her pale cold looks perfectly, and also upon her hand rings glistened and gleamed like sun glinting off a newly forged sword. Around her neck many fine chains of gold and silver, the best that could be found. But soon things became not as they should, when my lord started seeing apparitions and things that were clearly not there. They may not have been there but the look of horror on Lord Macbeths face was enough to persuade me that he saw something others could not, and would not like to. But our Lady Macbeth reassured us and tried to explain it was a problem from childhood. But also throughout the most royal banquet our lord Macbeth disappeared and reappeared many times, he was rumored to have been seen with to shifty looking rogues. My lord and lady Macbeth were also seen to be quarreling throughout the evening, the air between them was thick with unsaid threats and promises, they were both on edge throughout the evening even though his lordship tried hard to hide it. Unfortunately we were asked to leave early as Macbeth had gone into another trance, seeing things that were not there, he talked about them too he spoke of grievances and of blood and injury but as soon as started they had finished and we were bid leave.

Cheap Air Travel Essay Example for Free

Cheap Air Travel Essay In contemporary society, it is an interesting phenomenon that cheap air travel is becoming increasingly popular. Yet at the same time, people have different opinions over whether it is advantageous for our life. Some people asserts that its advantages outweigh its disadvantages while others argue the reverse. Personally, I’m in favor of the former view. For many countries, tourism accounts for is large part of a nation’s GDP and without it the economy would suffer; to put it another wayï ¼Å' foreign tourists usually spend a lot of money on the services that the host country provides, among others, boosting the souvenir sales in the scenery spots and as a result the local business thrive. Moreover, through encouraging tourism, governments are promoting the image of their cities and countries. . For exampleï ¼Å'in my country, China, where 2008 Olympics was hosted, cheap air travel made long-distance travelling more affordable to common people ,people have a refreshing’s perception of our country. From the opposite standpoint, tourism also allows local people to gain exposures from to people abroad, not only broadening their horizon but also stimulating idea exchange. This win-win situation is not easy to form unless the travelling cost is affordable. I would agree that every coin has two sides. One possible reason for this is that not all tourists have good manners. In some cases their inappropriate behaviors y may even have a negative influence on the local population and even threaten local people’s safety and health, such as the infamous September-11 attacks happened in New York. But these bad situations occurrences are rare and some risk-averse countries therefore establish strict visa policies to particular population which they identify as high risk. From above, I would admit that the trend of cheap air travel has pros and cons. Despite that,However, I’m convinced that this it is beneficial and is worthwhile to be promoted by governments , although we should take effective measures to keep dangerous people away.

The Values And Ethics Of The Profession Social Work Essay

The Values And Ethics Of The Profession Social Work Essay Social workers are put into difficult situations on a regular basis. The Health and care professions council (HCPC) set guidelines to aid the challenges social workers face. To remain registered, a social worker needs to abide by the HCPC code of ethics to ensure delivery of the best possible service for users. Working within the guidelines set can be challenging as it may cause conflict with the service users values or potentially the social workers own values. For the purpose of this essay, ethics will be defined as professional obligations and rules of conduct (Meacham, 2007). Social work values will be defined as a range of beliefs about what is regarded as worthy or valuable in a social work context (BASW, 2012 p17). This essay focuses on two areas of the personalisation agenda that can cause challenges for social workers; accommodation and personal budgets. The target service user group for the purposes of this essay is people with disabilities. Using the definition stated in t he Equality Act, (2010) A person is considered disabled if they have a physical or mental impairment that has a substantial and long-term negative effect on their ability to do normal daily activities. Legislation and requirements to support adults with disabilities is increasing for the over eleven million people with a limiting long term illness, impairment or disability in Great Britain (office for disability issues, 2012). However, disabled people report mixed feelings and reactions to the legislations and rules put in place regarding their care and allowances (Dalley, 1991). The social philosophical approaches to social work will be used to deal with the challenges and conflicts social workers face. This essay touches upon Kants deontology; Benthams and Mills utilitarianism and Biesteks 7 principles approach. Immanuel Kant (1785) developed the theory of deontology. This means that social workers need to be promoting good actions and the correct motive, however the consequence is not important and the idea of an acceptable motive is subject to judgement (Adapted by Hartsell, 2006; Banks, 2001; Reiman, 2009; Meacham, 2008). Subsequently, Kant introduced the idea of a categorical imperative (CI). A CI maintains a persons motives for their actions and they therefore should be acceptable as a universal law. Â  Thus people should act on motives that can be used by everyone in a moral society and lead to respect for people (Darwell, 2002 cited in Reiman, 2009). From this it is seen that people should be treated as an end, for example a choice or desire, rather than a means (object) to our own ends. He believed that everyone should be treated with respect regardless of their characteristics or behaviour (Banks, 2001). Kant talks about respect for the individual person and promoting self determination. Biestek (1961) produced 7 principles that over time have become highly influential to social workers looking at values and ethics within their practice. 5 main principles have been used: Individualisation; Recognition that each service user has unique qualities, good and bad. Purposeful expression of feeling; Recognition that service users need to express their feelings (especially negative ones) freely. Acceptance; The social worker should be able to work with a service user without passing judgement and accepting Individuals for who they are, including their strengths and their weaknesses. Non judgemental attitude; Social workers should be able to not pass judgement or assign guilt to the service user. It is about judging the service users behaviour User self determination; the social worker should be able to guide the service user, depending on their on their capacity, to have freedom in making their own decisions and choices (Adapted by Banks, 2001). Utilitarianism focuses on a consequentialist approach as it focuses on the consequences of the action, rather than the actions themselves. (Scheffler, 1994 cited in Reiman, 2009). Decisions should be made on the results and consequences it could have on society rather than on a personal and individual basis, and to promote maximum good within society. The right action produces the greatest balance of good over evil the principle of utility. (Banks, 2001). Utilitarianism is based on a theory developed by Bentham and Mills who looked into two branches of utilitarianism; hedonistic and ideal utilitarianism. Bentham explored hedonistic utilitarianism, where good was matched with happiness. Mills explored the idea of ideal utilitarianism. This focused on good being about virtues, truth and knowledge, not just happiness. (Banks, 2001). The theory promotes the greatest good for the greatest number of people. When making a decision it is imperative that the consequence is considered. Theref ore as a social worker, it would be beneficial to look at the consequences of the forthcoming action and evaluate what would be most beneficial and least harmful to the service user. In the late 1980s, the Government recognised that an improvement in access to community services was required. The Government were committed to providing more support for people with long term needs by assisting and supporting individuals to manage their conditions and providing services they require in the community rather than in long-stay hospitals.(Oliver, 1996) Morris (1993) conducted a study that looked into disabled individuals who needed day to day services. He found that disabled individuals were starting to feel a sense of hopelessness and helplessness when trying to access statutory services. Historically, social workers assessed and told service users what services they needed. Through the personalisation agenda, and the introduction of direct payments, service users told the social worker their needs. For the first time, the social worker had to accept the service users self-assessment and then use the assessment to see if the highlighted issues were eligible under Fair Access to Care (2003) legislation. Direct payments were introduced in 1997 and social workers had to translate service user needs into a monetary value to enable them to purchase their own service. The aim was to give individuals control over their care and their lives. Direct payments evolved into personalised budgets and have further evolved into a more individualised budget / service plan. The need for change and equality of service provision has been recognised as more views are being voiced by people with disabilities. In line with Beisteks theory, service users are using purposeful expression of feeling and self-determination to enable the social workers to know their wants and needs. This has resulted in changes which could reduce the potential for conflict in the future. A further challenge is budgetary control. Service users often want services that are financially unavailable to them. Although ethics state that service users should be encouraged to have self- determination, be treated as a whole and the social worker should promote and provide information regarding their care (BASW, 2012), the service users choice cannot always be guaranteed. Utilitarianism would suggest that this is because if service users always received the services they wanted, the social worker would not be promoting the greatest good for the greatest number, instead would be taking a more Kantian approach of promoting moral good. These two philosophical approaches cause conflict within themselves. The Mental Capacity Act (2005) says a person lacks capacity in relation to a matter if at the material time he is unable to make a decision for himself in relation to the matter because of an impairment of, or a disturbance in the functioning of, the mind or brain. (s2). This leads to challenges and conflicts for social workers. If the service user had capacity, there could be conflict over the way they spend their budget which could lead to the social worker treating that individual without respect. Following the BASW code of ethics (2012), it states that social workers should respect the right to self-determination. Kant would support this view as, by the social worker supporting the individual to meet their own self-defined needs, the social worker is promoting good actions that will in turn produce good outcomes for the individual. The social worker needs to recognise that the individual has human rights and freedom to voice their views. Burton (1996) showed that there was a fail ure to recognise the unequal power relations between the social worker in control of provision of services and the service user who relies on the services. This therefore would undermine Beisteks principles of self-determination as, although the service user is voicing their opinion, the social worker is not listening and this could be seen as jeopardising the principles of personalisation and the code of ethics that are imperative. The implementation of The Mental Capacity Act needs to be reviewed to ensure workers are following legislation and ethics. It should not be assumed someone lacks capacity because they have a disability. On the other hand, if the service user didnt have capacity, it could cause conflict between the social worker and the paid carer and/or unpaid carers. If the service user lacks capacity, how would the social worker or the carers be able to assess what was best for the individual? A social worker would have to uphold and promote human dignity and well-being as well as empowering the individual. (BASW, 2012). These ethics and values are supported by Beisteks theory. Workers need to treat the service user with respect, be non -judgemental and accept the situation the service user may be in. The social worker therefore would only be able to act upon their assessment which should include the carers views on what is best for the service user. Utilitarianism, an alternative argument, would argue whats the greatest good for the greatest number? What would benefit the service user more? The social workers views or the carers views? The outcomes need to ensure that the maximum people are happy . The social worker could reach the maximum happiness and reduce conflict by using empowerment. The social worker would respect the needs and preferences of the service user, via the carers and family members as well as recognising their own prejudices to ensure the correct services are offered. The Community Care Act (1990) promotes care in the community and people staying within their own home, allowing the individual to use their personal budget and have carers to promote independence. There is evidence to suggest for example, individuals who have fractured a limb, fare better when they recuperate in their own homes. (Pignolo, Keenan and Hebela, 2011). Accommodation is a major concern for many service users (Davis and Wainwright, 1996). One aspect that could cause conflict is the practice of placing young people in young disability units, properties that are specifically designed for people with learning disabilities. Although this could be seen as a solution for people to interact and have support, there is a potential conflict as the individual cannot choose where they want to live and may live a distance from family/friends. If placed in a purpose built establishment, the individuals are classed as being housed by the local authority and therefore do not get to choose alternative locations (Oliver, 1996). The dilemma for the social worker is the need to take the individuals views into account whilst balancing their needs and wants, particularly if the service user lacks the capacity to make the decision. It is unlawful for anyone to sign a tenancy agreement on behalf of an individual who lacks capacity. A capacity assessment needs to be undertaken to ensure the service user understands how to maintain that tenancy. In order to proceed, an application needs to be made to The Court of Protection. This could lead to conflict as the social worker and housing department need to uphold the law, however many families feel they have the right to sign a tenancy for their disabled family member and find it difficult to accept that this is not the case. According to BASW (2012), the social worker needs to develop professional relationships with the service user and the family, uphold the reputation and values of the profession as well as recognising diversity and treating the individual as a whole. Utilitarianism would recommend looking at what benefits the whole family, rather than just the service user. Challenges arise when the service user lacks capacity. Using the utilitarian approach, it could be said that the service user shouldnt be given a tenancy as it doesnt promote the greatest good for the greatest number. This view is in conflict with BASW codes of ethics. It could be seen as unethical practice and lead to further conflict. Beistek would support the view of BASW in using the specific value base that service users should be allowed to freely express their feelings, both positive and negative, and the social worker should listen and make a decision in an accepting and non-judgemental way. However, Kant would say that although the consequence of not getting a choice in where the service user lives is a negative outcome, the intention of placing them in a home, with other people to socialise is a good moral judgement that is solely benefitting the individual. Another potential conflict could be older disabled individuals being forced into care. The Sutherland Report (1999) claimed that older disabled people were being forced into institutional care too early due to the lack of alternative care at home. Sixsmith and Sixsmith (2008) provided evidence that by 2008 there had been a shift in care provision and that the Personalisation Agenda meant that people were remaining in their home for longer and receiving appropriate services. However there is a further potential for conflict when accommodating people, with disabilities, to stay in their homes. Individuals may want to grow old at home but is this possible for people with significantly reduced mobility? Many homes are inaccessible to wheelchair users and those with significant mobility impairments (Burns, 2004). There is a Government scheme whereby disabled people can apply for a disabled facility grant to have their homes adapted, and certain individuals have to re-pay the Government, t herefore the Government is not financing expensive care packages. The role of the social worker would be to negotiate, support and empower the service user to have their needs met in the most appropriate, desired way. According to Kants theory, having a loan is the moral good as people will be able to remain at home for longer, promoting happiness and community care. This would be supported by the values of BASW which states social workers need to treat the service user as a whole and respect their right to self-determination. In contrast to Kants theory, Utilitarianism would consider weighing up the consequences of removing the service user from their house and into an adapted and safe environment. I.e. a care home could be seen as an easier option for disabled people to receive care. This view could cause conflict because the social worker is going against the wishes and desires of the service user. Utilitarianism looks at the best outcome for society rather than on an individual level. Therefore, by moving individuals out of the house into the care home may provide maximum happiness for society, although it disregards the individuals views and opinions. This is a criticism of the model as many service users could potentially not have their needs met in a manner that is acceptable to them due to the focus being on the benefit to society. This could be particularly true e.g. for people with English as a second language or who follow a religious faith. However, Beistek would agree with Kant in promoting self-determination. A key theme running throughout this essay is respect for the individual person as a self determining being. Both Kant and Beistek promote this and therefore appear to be the social philosophical models best tailored towards social work values and ethics. There are clear conflicts between traditional social work and the personalisation agenda for people with disabilities. These conflicts have been reduced with the introduction of HCPC ethics. If the social worker consistently uses these theories whilst working with conflict and challenging service users then the BASW ethics will be maintained and the service users will receive the best appropriate service available within Fair access to care criteria.

Under Milk Wood :: essays research papers

The relationship between Tom and Maggie in Books 1 & 2 I think most of the problems with Tom and Maggie's relationship are due to the fact that Tom thinks that females are inferior to males. He therefore thinks that Maggie is inferior to him and he shows this in the way that he treats Maggie. Tom and Maggie both have a strong relationship with their father so therefore he could have influenced Tom's thoughts. "She'll fetch none the bigger price for that", their dad said this, and by it he means that even though Maggie is clever she won't do any better as regards to marriage. This is a very sexist way for Tom and Maggie's dad to talk about Maggie, as if females are only supposed to get married and produce children and that their intelligence doesn't matter. If Tom's dad thinks like that it could be from his dad that Tom gets his sexist nature: "I told you girls couldn't learn Latin", this is one of the most openly sexist comments Tom makes in the book. Tom very strongly gets his point across by using harsh words such as "told" and "couldn't". This shows how inferior he feels females are, he said, "I told you" almost scornfully as if he's trying to say that if he said it, it must be right which isn't the case. Tom's complete sexist attitude is shown by the word "girls" here he generalises about any females ability to learn Latin although I'm sure that isn't the case and he just makes the comment purely because of his sexist nature. Tom's sexism isn't just used against his sister, he uses it to put others down as well, "like a girl's: Tom thought that truly pitiable". The sexism Tom is showing here is by discriminating against Philip due to his hair apparently looking like a girls. He describes this as "truly pitiable" which shows how strongly he feels. Tom uses the word "girl" as an insult as if by calling Philip a girl he feels he has insulted him. This is a very sexist attitude, as he shouldn't be discriminating against females in this way. Whenever Maggie acts in a way that Tom wouldn't, Tom automatically says she acts in that way, as she is a girl, "girlish way of taking things". This quotation is where Maggie gets agitated and Tom blames that on the fact that she's a girl.

Rights, Duties and Freedoms Essay -- Human Rights Act 1998

Rights, Duties and Freedoms Under the Human Rights Act 1998, which came into force in October 2000, there are certain rights and freedoms that are protected. The significance of this act is to offer legal rights to everyone in a democratic country. The United Kingdom does not have a written constitution, this is very unusual in a democracy, and our rights and freedoms have traditionally been protected by a presumption that we are free to do anything that is not covered by a specific forbidding law or piece of legislation. Under the Human Rights Act we now have that written confirmation of our rights, duties and freedoms. Anyone withholding those rights, for example wrongful imprisonment or racism is now liable for prosecution and possible imprisonment. A citizen acquires certain rights at certain ages. Sue for personal injury  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From birth Watch a film with `U? classification  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5 Watch a `PG? film with parents or guardian  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5 Drink alcohol at home, if an adult provides it.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8 Fully criminally responsible  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10 Be given a supervision order as a criminal sanction  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10 Legally capable of rape  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10 Be sent to a Secure training centre as a criminal sanction  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12 Consent to sex, but if an adult obliges they are guilty of a criminal offence  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  13 Drink alcohol in a licensed premises if it is with a meal  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  16 Marry with judicial/ parental consent  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  16 Consent to heterosexual sex  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  16 Purchase cigarettes  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  16 Drive a car  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  17 Marry without consent  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  18 Have homosexual relations  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  18 Sent to prison  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  18 Make a will  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  18 Eligible to vote  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  18 Full legal rights in contract  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  18 Buy alcohol  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ... ...bout of sadomasochism to one consenting couple, could be classed as actual bodily harm and assault, even torture and degradation to a judge and jury, therefore infringing human rights, as in the case of Simon Slingsby 1995 who accidentally injured his wife during sexual intercourse, causing her internal injuries, which later became septic and death followed. The murder charge he faced was later dropped to manslaughter where he was found guilty of committing a dangerous or unlawful act. Britain has been governed by parliament for many centuries, each new parliament bringing with it new legislation in keeping with the demands of developing industry, and public and private citizens. These laws have kept Britain adequately ruled over the years, but there have been many breaches of citizen?s human rights. Since the Human Rights Act 1998 came into force, these rights have been upheld and maintained, with those who breach these rights paying the price through the courts. Acts of discrimination, for example racism and disability, have been largely ended, making society able to live in harmony with its neighbours. Bibliography English Legal System Elliot and Quinn 5th Edition.

Pediatricians Qualification Essay

Education and Qualification Most medical schools require applicants to have a minimum of two to three years of university education. After graduating from medical school, a doctor who wishes to become a pediatrician must complete at least three years of special training in health care for children, also known as residency program (work experience). The doctor can then become a certified pediatrician by passing an examination given by a pediatrics specialty board. Many pediatricians take two to three years of additional training in a particular area of pediatrics. Some specialties are pediatric surgery, pediatric infectious diseases, pediatric hematology-oncology, and neonatal-prenatal medicine. Aside from the training, the pediatrician must also complete medical licensing exams such as certification by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC). Other qualifications of a pediatrician are compassion, patience, and love for children. Pediatricians must also have good communication skills. They have to be able to listen to parents and give them advice about their child. If a pediatrician is not able to communicate with people in this profession, he or she will never make it far. Duties and Responsibilities A pediatrician’s first responsibility is to diagnose illnesses. He or she does this by examining the patient, obtaining the patient’s medical histories, and ordering special tests such as X-rays. Next, he or she recommends treatment programs that may involve medication, rehabilitation, surgery, or advice about exercise and nutrition. During the treatment process, the pediatrician communicates with family members and health care professionals such as nurses. When appropriate, the pediatrician may refer patients to specialists, who are experts in medical fields. Those people include cardiologists, psychiatrists, surgeons, and many more. Salary and Rewards Pediatricians have among the highest earnings of any occupations. Earnings vary according to the number of year in practice, hours worked, skill, personality, and professional reputation. Those pediatricians who are just beginning their careers make around $100 000 to $120 000 per year. Established pediatricians’ average income is between $120 000 to $135 000 per year. Being a pediatrician can be rewarding as a result. When pediatricians care for children, the choice is made based on the love for children and the belief that it is a significant accomplishment to make a difference in a child’s life. As a bonus, the pediatricians get to hold their patients in their arms, to see them grow and change, and years later, to see the adults they have become. Lifestyle Being a pediatrician can be stressful. They have to work long hours and sometimes even miss important family occasions because of emergency calls. Irregular work schedules can sometimes interfere with the pediatrician’s daily plan, and they have to accommodate with it. They have to be able to accept unexpected events and unpredictable situations, but all of these hard works are worthwhile because of their high salary. Pediatricians can provide their family with money, but they cannot really provide their family with attention. To them, career has to be their priority since being a pediatrician is like a 24 hours a day job. Working Conditions Most pediatricians work in small private offices or clinics. They are often assisted by a small staff of nurses and other administrative personnel. Some pediatricians with higher reputation also teach and research. More dedicated pediatricians may be involved in advocating children’s issues in their  communities. Pediatricians work very long hours, between 9 to 12 hours a day and 45 to 65 hours a week. They may have irregular work schedules, working evenings and Saturdays to accommodate patients. Thus, it can be difficult for them to balance career and family life or personal time. Women in Pediatrics In our society today, some ignorant people still consider women going into specialized pediatrics as unacceptable. They think women should study regular pediatrics. Although the society is more open-minded nowadays, sexism has not been eliminated. Thus, some women in advanced fields such as pediatric surgery are disrespected.

Computers Are an Important Part of Most People’s Everyday Lives Essay

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Nowadays, computers are an important part of most people’s everyday lives. This change has improved the way people live. By advances in the technology, especially invention of computers, human beings can do their works much easier than the past. They have improved the way of our lives (life) dramatically. The number of advantages that computers can bring us is very much so that its disadvantages can be ignored (Advantages of using computers are so much that disadvantages could be ignored). Cases such as save (saving) time or facilitate (facilitating) job and affairs and improve(ing) our communications are my reasons which will be illustrated in details as following. To begin with, by using of computers we can save the time (more time). In todays’ community, it is told that time is money. With the huge advancements in technology, people’s life has more (become) complicated as it seems. Each of us hasn’t enough time to do all works on time (No one has enough time to do everything on time). The advent of computers in our lives(life), we can save time and do a big part of works more efficiently. For example, instead of going to shop and buying cloths, I (you) can buy it from my home by going to its website and even I (you) have this chance to see which cloth is the top-selling. (or) As an another example, I(you) can choose my (you) favorite five-star restaurant or hotel a couple of weeks before my(your) trip to a certain place. hat shows that I can better manage my affairs(It shows that people can better manage their life and schedule everything). The last example is that I even can control my home or personal room by using of my workplace’s computer (The last example is that home or personal room can be controlled or and monitored by using of a computer in workplace). These examples show computers have revolutionized our lifestyle. The last but not the least, computers improved our social behaviors. For the very first time in the history, Social networks and websites have given this opportunity to people to find friends and know people they never met before. Nowadays, there are a few internet-organizations by which we can find our future wife. It shows that computers even affect our lives (life) emotionally. To take these into consideration, I can confidently draw the conclusion that there are a lot of advantages which computers donate us such as finding new friends or saving the valuable time so that its drawbacks can be ignored.

Directress

Montessori is not simply a method of teaching children to read; it is a philosophy of life! Montessori Method for education is fundamentally based on an educational approach towards a model of human development. By human development we mean the development psychology of a human being, that is, the innate quality of any human to learn through their experiences. Montessori’s education method called for free activity within a â€Å"prepared environment†, meaning an educational environment tailored to basic human characteristics and to the specific characteristics of children at different ages.Since the Montessori Method is so unlike other educational methods, it follows that the Montessori teacher is in fact not a teacher at all, Dr. Maria Montessori called her a DIRECTRESS. In her years of observations, Dr. Montessori used the word ‘DIRETTORESSA’ taken from the Italian word ‘DIRETTORE’ which when looking into the meaning of the word is less about telling people what to do but more about steering people in the right direction. According to Dr. Montessori a directress’ role is to be an ardent observer with the goal to intervene the least as the child develops. Related article: Montessori Practical Life EssayThe directress creates an environment of calm, order and joy in the classroom and is there to help and encourage the children in all their efforts, allowing them to develop self-confidence and inner-discipline. With the younger students at each level, the teacher is more active, demonstrating the use of materials and presenting activities based on an assessment of child’s requirements. Knowing how to observe constructively and when and how much, to intervene, is one of the most important talents a directress acquires. A directress has to be very careful in praising a child.She should respond to a child’s enthusiastic approach of working at the same time she should praise the child in a way that it gets motivated through her interest rather than seeking her merit or approval. In short a directress should channelize the child’s capabilities in the right direction order to make them a self-understanding, knowledgeable, independent and a developed adult. The role of a directress with respect to teaching the child is an inactive one, the active learning must come from the child and it’s the duty of the directress to bring the child’s activeness in learning and exploring new things.They are constantly experimenting, modifying the environment to meet their perception of each child’s needs and interests and objectively noting the results. The directress’ work is to ‘guide’ the child, be like a second parent to all the children in her class. In most cases Montessori teachers are the first motherly figure that a child meets outside their homes. That’s why it is compulsory for the teacher to take on, not only the role of a teacher, but a second mother- like position too. She explains the child, in an understanding and calm manner.She is patient with them when they do something wrong. She allows the child to choose his own activity rather than force him into something in which he had no interest and also motivating them to keep the material back in place, so that the child respects his environment. If the child is afraid, she handles the child in a calm-composed manner to ease the child’s fear. The directress also makes it a point to make all the children comfortable with each other to maintain a positive environment in the class and to build a positive attitude in the child and encourage social interaction.She handles disputes, without being bias. She offers support when a child lacks confidence. â€Å"Never help a child with a task at which he feels he can succeed. † â€Å"Free the child’s potential and you will transform him into the world. † The directress acts as an active-link between the child and the â€Å"prepared environment† in a sense that all the materials and apparatus are kept in their accurate places in the class. The intellectual ability of a child that is revealed during the tender a ge of the child should be respected in all its aspects. It is like a flower that has just started to bloom.The Montessori teacher’s work in preparing the classroom together with her interactions among the children enables her to provide the children the most positive means by which they can absorb the environment. The greatest sign of success for a teacher is to exclaim, â€Å"The children are now working as if I do not exist†. Montessori uses the term ‘normalization’ to describe this unique process a child experiences in the classroom. A normalized child is â€Å"one who has overcome himself and lives in peace and harmony with the environment preferring disciplined tasks to futile idealness. She believed that children are born with innate capacities for self-governance which should develop freely. She also said that the greatest barriers to development of these natural instincts in children are adults. Thus the classroom must provide activities and motiv es for Normalization to occur. This is due to the fact that Normalization emerges as a result of deep concentration. The materials chosen by the children will emerge the, and lead them to self-discovery and awareness. Ultimately, it is the directress’ role as the ‘dynamic link’ which allows the process of normalization to occur.One must not forget, however, that it cannot occur immediately. The teacher must also prepare herself for a period of practice which may take many years. The ‘spiritually prepared’ teacher will recognize this critical factor, and through her practice as an observer of children, can further observe the spiritual growth within herself. The role of the directress is therefore, â€Å"to watch with humble reverence, day by day, the spontaneous unfolding of the children’s lives; seeking always to remove obstacles, both internal and external from their path, whilst she guides with science and sympathy the irrepressible energi es of life†.The spiritually prepared teacher will do so with a joyous heart. Only then can the most important factor in her role can be established, that is, to see the child for who he really is. The reason a Montessori teacher is called a directress is that she directs her children to a path where they want to go rather than simply teaching them the basic rules of living or transfer knowledge to them.The children are independent of the directress and explore the world according to their wish. They need the directress only in case they get stuck somewhere or they have problem in understanding anything rather than having a teacher who imparts knowledge to the child just because he have to know that. School teachers have a formal outlook towards their career whereas a directress can survive in this place only if she puts her heart filled with love into her career.

Benefits and Risks of Using the Internet Essay

What are the benefits and risks of using the Internet as a source of informationwhen writing assignments for Master’s programmes? Searching for information on the Internet is a methodology when writing essays for Master’s programmes. Obviously, both the advantages and disadvantages of this methodology can be found. The merits of using the Internet are obvious. It is very likely that MSc students are able to find more materials on the Internet quickly and conveniently. The huge amount of information is just a click away from the assignment writers. As for MSc students, they can search the e-library of their university and other data base from around the world. Furthermore, all of this work can be done at home within few minutes. Besides, the information on the Internet is always more vivid than that in books, because the forms of information are various. There are video materials, audio materials, image materials and so on. In these forms, it is more easily for students to understand the theoretical content of their programmes, because Master’s programmes are hard to understand. On the other hand, I would agree that there are drawbacks to using the Internet. Admittedly, because of convenience, the writers tend to rely on souce materials instead of creating by themselves. What’s worse, some writers even plagiarize other people achievements. In addition, some materials from the Internet may be inaccurate or even wrong, which might mislead MSc students. In sum, students are the beneficiaries of the Internet, although misusing the Internet as a source of information is harmful. Therefore, MSc students should use the Internet carefully in terms of finding source materials for assignment.

Applied Business Research Report

Several academicians have established the implication of faithfulness in the service industries and at the same time, it has probable impact on the overall expansion of the suitable competitive border too for the service firms. However, it can be stated that this might be accredited to the exceptional character of services, augmented enslavement on the technologies and superior consumer participation in the entire delivery of services. A base of the trustworthy consumers can perform marvel in terms of the financial rewards and the original commerce projections as captivating a new customer can charge as much as 6 times more than the charge of keeping an old one. Therefore, it can be stated that the customer loyalty clearly brings several momentous benefits to the existing business and calls for a deeper exploration into the features that act as its inventor and make a payment in its augmentation. Baumann, Elliott and Burton (2012) have stated that customer loyalty is convoluted and d ynamic as well as changing with the course of time. Benoit and Van den Poel (2012) have mentioned in his research work that why customer satisfaction as well as customer loyalty is so important and the answer of this question in one word is revenue. It can be seen that the satisfied customers spend huge amount of money, refer more number of the new consumers and support the trade longer than the discontented consumers. Therefore, it can be stated that this all leads to more profits for the trades that can maintain their customers well contented. However, it can b e easily stated that the companies striving to maximize the amount of returns must critically believe investing in a consumer contentment and the faithfulness research curriculum. It can be stated that the rationale of this particular research document is to talk about the importance of consumer faithfulness and its consequence in the contemporary commerce ground throughout a wide-ranging examination literature. Furthermore, it seeks to discover a variety of things that serve as previous circumstances towards consumer loyalty development procedure. In order to understand the importance of customer loyalty on the business performance, Muthoot finance has been selected and the entire research work would try to shed light on these aspects from several perspectives. Therefore, it can be stated this specific research work has tried to represent the importance of customer relationship management as well as customer loyalty for Muthoot finance that wishes to be successful enough and gain enough competitive market in the existing market (Chen, 2012). It can be stated that a new emphasis has been shed on customer relationship management, as this concept has been gradually wide spreading with time in several operating market. Muthoot finance is the principal gold backing corporation in India in provisos of loan selection and the corporation is a â€Å"Systematically significant Non-Deposit captivating NBFC† (muthootfinance.com, 2016). From the company profile it can be seen that Muthoot finance give India’s best gold loans and thus the organization believes that focusing on customer loyalty is one of the major parts to take care of. However, besides gold loan, they provide the facilities of money transfer, foreign exchange, housing finance, insurance as well as travel jango (muthootfinance.com, 2016). Therefore, this specific research work would try to analyze the importance of customer loyalty in Muthoot finance from some different perspectives through an information-rich literature review.   As mentioned by Coelho and Henseler (2012), customer faithfulness is the enthusiasm of the consumers to acquire the manufactured goods from the specific organization and maintain buying the alike from the same brand name for a longer time epoch. However, customer trustworthiness can be also termed as the unremitting buying for a particular brand and at the same time signifying other people to do the similar. Associations are at the present concentrating more on preserving soaring amount of trustworthy consumers that more clients can be recommended through them to patch up a long run business with the product name. Evanschitzky et al. (2012) have mentioned that organisations must follow some exceptional characteristics that can be competent enough in keeping the consumers trading commodities from the brand name devoid of favouring any contestant brand. Preceding studies on consumer allegiance have stated the consumer allegiance into two noteworthy fractions, customer performance and customer approach where both the parts are interrelated to each other. Customer loyalty may be rational or touching factor depending on the node of transaction and base of customer retention. The characteristics of commodities and services are the rational factor whereas the emotional factors are unswervingly connected to the discernment of purchaser towards the association (Jahanshani et al., 2014). Some of the preceding research works have experienced the constraints that influence the purchaser faithfulness and preservation counting the services. These issues can be connected with the consumer faithfulness and withholding as follows: Johnson et al. (2012) have stated that service quality has been gradually becoming one of the major issues of the business that focus on the services as well as the communication procedures. This presently enables the electronic media for communicating with the components outside the business. It can be stated that this sheds importance on gathering of necessary information. Processing several online as well as offline transactions along with the data interchanges procedure among the buyers and the sellers in regards to address space and time consumption. Service excellence from the standpoint of online method can be classified as the degree to which online subsistence of the organization offers competent buying, acquiring and conveying facilities of goods and services in such a method that consumers might be extremely contented with administration (Jyh-Fu Jeng et al., 2012). The professed cost of the consumers refers to the dissimilarity between the settlements of the products that the consumers gain and the price of the products and the services. In that scenario, price and the profit examination plays one of the vital roles in rewarding the needs of the consumers, as the customers are highly concerned in taking happiness in superior reimbursement from the services bearing fewer prices in trading the products and the services. The profits are categorised into four fractions named, manufactured goods advantage, service advantage, individual assistance and image advantage where equivalent four costs are monetary cost, psyche cost, time cost and energy cost. Conveying improved worth to the consumers is an indispensable division of the business approach that facilitates the organization attainment competitive improvement, in order to deal with long term sustainability of the commerce, evaluated to its contestants (Khan, 2012).   As demonstrated by Komunda and Osarenkhoe (2012) in their research work, it can be seen that trust is a clear set of believes that drive the customers towards purchasing a product pr consuming the service from a particular organization. Trust can be defined as the as the self-confidence of the consumers that they experience for the organization making sure the benefits required. However, it can be stated that belief is one of the main significant expression in commerce, especially in online trade operations. Here, truthfulness and generosity works essential position in keeping approval stage at the stage the consumers are enthusiastic to believe (Kwon & Kim, 2012). Martà ­nez and del Bosque (2013) have stated reputation as the inference of uniformity in case of presentation for the long time epoch. Therefore, it can be stated that standing is created from the consisted superiority administration as well innovation amalgamation depending on the time era and the modification in the socio-economic stage. Therefore, it can be stated that the standing of the organizations required to be understood by the consumers not only based on the online survival, but also the complete organization along with its bodily attendance (Pan et al., 2012). As per Prentice (2013), widespread literature proposes that both the marketplace share and the consumer approval leads towards productivity, however, this is not certain that the market share and the customer satisfaction have an affirmative association. Therefore, in this part, some of the significant strategies have been introduced here in details to gain in-depth knowledge of the research topic. It can be stated that company’s association to their consumers is alienated into two separate commerce approaches namely offensive and defensive. Offensive policy deals with magnetizing the new consumers and the defensive strategy try to keep the previously existing consumers. Therefore, it can be stated that in order to focus on customer loyalty, Muthoot Finance is required to attract both the new customers along with the existing customers (Scherer, Wà ¼nderlich & von Wangenheim, 2015). Figure 1: Offensive and Defensive Business Strategies (Source: Scherer, Wà ¼nderlich & von Wangenheim, 2015) Siu et al. (2013) have stated that there exist three phases within customer decision making procedure. In this case, the first phase is defining the brand alternatives, the second phase is reviewing the existing relevant information and the final stage is applying a decision rule. It is regardless to mention that the choices as well as preferences of the customers vary from one product to another product, from one organization to another organization and so on. Therefore, the entire decision making process depends on the preferences of the consumers and the companies are required to provide the customers the best buying experience, so that they become loyal to one particular organization (Tanford, Raab & Kim, 2012). Figure 2: The sequential Multistage Process Model (Source: Toufaily, Ricard & Perrien, 2013) As per Wang and Wu (2012), the major purpose of each organization is productivity and one significant technique for achieving this for an organization is to increase as well as uphold trustworthy consumers. It can be stated that if a corporation spends resources for building consumer trustworthiness without concentrating on productivity, it might lead towards failure in the long run. Therefore, to gain customer loyalty, the organizations are required to focus on both behavioral and attitudinal loyalty of the consumers. However, it can be stated that customer loyalty becomes highly significant to the business of the corporation at times it results in the purchasing behaviour. This following replica can be clarified through major three fundamental objectives like building behavioral loyalty, cultivating attitudinal loyalty and linking loyalty to profitability (Toufaily, Ricard & Perrien, 2013). Figure 3: Structuring and sustaining consumer trustworthiness (Source: Toufaily, Ricard & Perrien, 2013) The adoption of the customer faithfulness programs in the middle of several companies has significantly augmented over the last couple of years and automatically the consumers have turn out to be the focal point of concentration. It has been seen that the customer loyalty programs offer financial as well as relationship rewards to the consumers with the sole principle of making the customers’ brand trustworthy (Kwon & Kim, 2012). There exist five specified group of the customers like non-customers, price switchers, the passive loyal, fence sitters and the committed customers. Therefore, most of the organizations target to grab the attention of all these customers through proper delivery of their services. Muthoot Finance try their best to retain their existing customers and at the same time they tend to design their loyalty programs in such a way, so that the customers get attracted enough towards the company. There exist several economic benefits of retaining the customers like it saves on the acquisition of the customers or the replacement costs. Moreover, it promises of base earnings as obtainable consumers are likely to have a minimum spend per period. Apart from that, retaining the existing customers focus on price premiums, as the existing customers generally do not wait for promotion or the reduction of price before making a decision to buy. Muthoot finance believes that customer loyalty benefits the o rganization from several perspectives like this is comparatively less expensive to keep hold of the consumers that to attract the new customers. It generates huge amount of profits, decreases the making costs and helps in spreading positive word of mouth promotion. Therefore, it can be stated that customer loyalty is one of the strongest assets to the organization, as the success and sustainability of the business largely depends on the number of loyal customers.  Ã‚   Baumann, C., Elliott, G., & Burton, S. (2012). Modeling customer satisfaction and loyalty: survey data versus data mining.  Journal of Services Marketing,  26(3), 148-157. Benoit, D. F., & Van den Poel, D. (2012). 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