Insights on Green Automotive Development

Table of Contents Introduction Insights on Green Automotive Development Relevance of the Insights Conclusion Reference List Introduction Basing judgment on affordability and availability of the EVs, the tax incentives and exemptions offered by some government agencies to purchasers due to the high initial costs seems to be an unsustainable venture in emerging economies. There are several options available that mitigates the high initial cost.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Insights on Green Automotive Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some government agencies have facilities that offer incentives while the federal government extends a tax credit equivalent to 10% or US$4000 whichever is applicable to the initial cost of the green vehicle. In some states, the government exempts customers from paying vehicle license and registration fees. Some are even exempted from paying income tax credit, while o thers do not pay sales tax (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2002, para. 3). Some of these incentives are more likely not to be exploited in the developing economies. The insight I can draw from this scenario is the need for necessary legislation to be implemented in order to attract green production in struggling economies, and more so the developing countries, as well as boost revenue collection necessary for the much desired growth. To encourage energy efficient mechanisms and embrace energy conservation initiatives in emerging economies, execution of proper planning should be in place to avoid high dependence on imports. Most of the electric vehicles are likely to be imported, posing a threat to domestic growth. With proper planning and legislation deductions can be made at the point of purchase and directly channeled to the government to support funding for improvement of other sectors that may not have embraced green energy (Maxton Wormald, 2004). Verification o f all benefits accrued through the improvements will make the tax benefits a sustainable venture that can propel the economy higher. Insights on Green Automotive Development I found Scott’s article to be useful because the concept of manufacturing vehicles that 100 percentage green is new to me. For instance, I was not aware that Hydrogen can be extracted from water and used as an alternative source of fuel to drive cars, thereby curbing dependence on foreign and fossil fuels. However, I think this may not be sustainable because the technological requirements of extracting Hydrogen from water do not exist. It is a very daunting task to extract hydrogen from water and it also does not occur naturally. It is also a new concept to learn that EVs are safer than gasoline-powered vehicles. This makes an ideal substitution for Countries that register a high number of deaths through road accidents (Clean Alternative Fuels, 2002, para. 4). I can therefore deduce that when accidents de cline the amount that would have been spent on treatment and repairs can then be channeled towards improving the existing infrastructure or developing new infrastructure in developing countries.Advertising Looking for essay on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By reviewing the evolution of the automobile industry, it is insightful that the automobile industry has shaped societal growth and caused tremendous changes in the society. The movement of people from urban areas to suburbs has led to the opening up of new towns and opportunities. Relevance of the Insights The continual rise in fuel price has been a hard time for motorized car owners. This has in turn compelled manufacturers to come up with a solution to this problem by looking for greener solutions. Presence of EV vehicles and hybrid cars is an evidence of their efforts. Since hybrid cars have petrol and an electric engine, as a result, the two engine c ompliments each other at the various levels of speed. At higher speed, the electric motor performs the function of a generator as the car is pushed by petrol and at low speeds the generator charges the electric battery. On the other hand, electric cars can be easily customized due to the easy assemblage of the various components of the vehicle. Due to the use of motor controllers and electric motors for impulsion in place of other general propulsion methods that are not environmental friendly, Evs pose to be the better option. Although green cars are expensive compared to the conventional gasoline-petrol powered vehicles, they will definitely create tough competition in the automotive industry. Several business opportunities are therefore presented as discussed below. Renewable energy production of the EV battery types is an opportunity that should be tapped into especially in countries where incentives on energy production are offered. This is a potential revenue stream for people who are unemployed. If the government can permit the installation of battery charging points in retail outlets and along major highways, more job opportunities will be created. Installation of battery charging points will promote similar renewable energy such as solar panels, wind, biomass and alike without being dependant on electricity for charging. Policy formulation and lobbying can also be an opportunity to restructure Tax Reinvestment Acts. Carbon Legislation is another avenue that can be explored. To reduce carbon emissions, companies will be compelled to hire consultants to advice on the right green investment choices (Vergragt, Nieuwenhuis Wells, 2004, p. 4). System Planning and IT systems will also be developed to capture carbon emissions for regulation purposes. Tax consultancy firms can also take advantage of the available incentives to coordinate expertise based on the existing local jurisdiction.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Insights on Green Automotive Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Giving awards to companies that manufacture green cars is motivator towards environmental leadership initiatives. Diverse and innovative designs of these vehicles enhance better environmental performance due to their fuel efficiency and reduced emission. Manufacture of on -board battery packs is another opportunity that can be tapped into. With the maintenance and assemblage of EVs being relatively easy it easier to manufacture compared to conventional gasoline or diesel powered cars. Providing charging facilities across other urban areas for people travelling long distances would be a viable business opportunity other sources of renewable energy like solar panels and wind energy being readily available would be a unique revenue stream for economies. It is therefore important to encourage energy efficient mechanisms and embrace energy conservation initiatives in emerging economi es, execution of proper planning should be in place to avoid high dependence on imports. Most of the electric vehicles are likely to be imported, posing a threat to domestic growth. With proper planning and legislation deductions can be made at the point of purchase and directly channeled to the government to support funding for improvement of other sectors that will not have embraced green energy. Verification of all benefits accrued through the improvements will make the tax benefits a sustainable venture that can propel the economy higher. Offering tax incentives to citizens who own vehicles that emit less carbon like the hybrid and electric cars should be encouraged because presently, the automotive industry is facing a serious crisis and this helps create a rejuvenated hope for the new cars According to Lindsey, a self sustaining power source for vehicles would be the most ideal; however this is not easily achievable considering the available technology. Cost effectiveness shou ld therefore be considered before purchasing the electric or gas electric hybrid. Saving on costs can take a very long time before covering the price difference in comparison to the desired period of replacement. Vehicle safety is also a critical factor when making a purchase to reduce accident risks. Technological changes in the motorized transport industry have come with several changes ranging from social, cultural and regulatory.Advertising Looking for essay on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, the personalized and motorized transport has contributed to slow progress towards sustainability. The cumulative changes have contributed to personal freedom in the industry which in turn has had detrimental and unsustainable environmental effects that should be addressed through government policies and regulations. With the introduction of EVs, the risk of vehicles producing pollution is eliminated but the power plants that generate electricity to charge the batteries regularly for long hours still produce pollution. Slow battery recharge time, inconvenient disposal of batteries, heavy weight and dependence on heavy power grids of the vehicles are some of the factors that have contributed to the slow uptake of these innovations. Hydrogen fuel presents itself as the most promising alternative source of fuel because nothing is burnt and the byproducts are reusable that is water and heat. Conclusion Oil experts have predicted that in the near future, we are likely to be faced with a shortage of fossil fuels. On the other hand, opponents of this theory argue that this is nothing but an artificial shortage created by the oil experts with the intention of ensuring that oil prices remains high. Burning of petroleum products pose a real danger to the environment and for this reason, there is need to come up with products that have a much less negative effect on our environment, such as encouraging people to embrace energy efficient mechanisms and energy conservation initiatives especially in the emerging economies. Reference List Clean Alternative Fuels, (2002). Clean and alternative fuels. Web. Maxton, G., Wormald, J. (2004). Time for a model Change: Reengineering the Globa. Automotive Industry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2002). Clean alternative fuels. Web. Vergragt, P.J., Nieuwenhuis, P. , Wells, P (2004). Technological change and regulation in the car industry, GMI Theme Issue, Tellus Institute, USA. Web. This essay on Insights on Green Automotive Development was written and submitted by user Graysen Floyd to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Events leading up to the war in Europe

Events leading up to the war in Europe Free Online Research Papers Germany and France had been struggling in Continental Europe for 80 years and had fought two previous wars, the Franco-Prussian War and World War I. Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Communist revolutionary movements began spreading across Europe, briefly taking power in both Budapest and Bavaria. As a reaction to these movements, fascist and nationalist groups were born.[5] In 1922, Italian dictator Benito Mussolini and his fascist party took control of the Kingdom of Italy and set the model for German dictator Adolf Hitlers Nazi Party, which, aided by the civil unrest caused by the Great Depression, took power in Germany and eliminated its democratic government, the Weimar Republic. These two leaders began to re-militarise their countries and became increasingly hostile. Mussolini first conquered the African nation of Abyssinia and then seized Albania, with both Italy and Germany actively supporting Francisco Francos fascist Falange party in the Spanish Civil War against the Second Spanish Republic (which was supported by the Soviet Union). Hitler then broke the Treaty of Versailles by increasing the size of the Germany’s military, and remilitarized the Rhineland. He started his own expansion of Germany by annexing Austria and also the German-speaking regions (Sudetenland) of Czechoslovakia. The British government under Neville Chamberlain saw the Soviet Union as a greater threat to Europe and he pursued a policy of appeasement towards Germany, hoping to maintain a strong, anti-communist Germany to block Soviet expansion. This policy culminated in the Munich Agreement in 1938, which gave the Sudetenland to Germany.[6][7] In March 1939, Germany occupied the remainder of Czechoslovakia. Mussolini also invaded and annexed Albania in April. These events caused the United Kingdom and France to prepare for war against Germany. France and Poland pledged on May 19, 1939, to provide each other with military assistance in the event either was attacked. The following August, the British guaranteed the same. On August 23, 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union signed the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact which provided for sales of oil and food from the Soviets to Germany, thus reducing the danger of a British blockade such as the one that had nearly starved Germany in World War I. Also included was a secret agreement that would divide Central Europe into German and Soviet areas of interest, including a provision to partition Poland. Each country agreed to allow the other a free hand in its area of influence, including military occupation. Germany’s war against the Western Allies On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland, using the false pretext of a staged Polish attack on a German border post. On September 3, the United Kingdom issued an ultimatum to Germany. No reply was received, and Britain, Australia and New Zealand declared war on Germany, followed later that day by France. Soon afterwards, South Africa, Canada and Nepal also declared war on Germany. Immediately, the UK began seizing German ships and implementing a blockade. Despite the French and British treaty obligations and promises to the Polish government, both France and the UK were unwilling to launch a full invasion of Germany. The French mobilized slowly and then mounted only a short token offensive in the Saar; neither did the British send land forces in time to support the Poles. The geographical location of Poland meant that a full-scale British and French attack was unlikely. The French were firmly in the Maginot Mentality to invade Germany, and the protection of the Maginot Line gave the French and British forces no reason to attack Germany directly. Meanwhile, on September 8, the Germans reached Warsaw, having ripped through the Polish defences. On September 17, the Soviet Union, pursuant to its prior agreement with Germany, invaded Poland from the east. Poland was soon overwhelmed, and the last Polish units surrendered on October 6. After Poland fell, Germany paused to regroup during the winter while the British and French stayed on the defensive. The period was referred to by journalists as the Phoney War because of the inaction on both sides. In Eastern Europe, the Soviets began occupying Baltic states leading to a confrontation with Finland, a conflict which ended with land concessions to the Soviets on March 12, 1940. In early April 1940, both German and Allied forces launched nearly simultaneous operations around Norway over access to Swedish iron ore. It was a two-month campaign that resulted in complete German control of Denmark and Norway, though at a heavy cost to their surface navy. The fall of Norway led to the Norway Debate in London, which added to the call for the resignation of Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, who was eventually replaced by Winston Churchill. After witnessing the defeat of the Appeasement Foreign Policy, used by Britain since the 1920s, Chamberlain was in the fire to be labelle d as the Guilty Man when in fact he had pushed forward for most of Britains much needed defence spending in early 1938, and can be seen as the saviour of Britain during the Battle of Britain. On May 10, 1940, the Germans invaded France and the Low Countries. The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) and the French Army advanced into Flanders and planned to fight a mobile war in the north, while maintaining a static continuous front along the Maginot Line further south. This was foiled by an unexpected German thrust through the Ardennes, splitting the Allies in two. The BEF and French forces, encircled in the north, were evacuated from Dunkirk in Operation Dynamo. Italy attacked France in the Alps in June 10, 1940. France, overwhelmed by the blitzkrieg, was forced to sign an armistice with Germany on June 22, 1940, leading to the direct German occupation of Paris and two-thirds of France, and the establishment of a German puppet state headquartered in south-eastern France known as Vichy France. With only the United Kingdom remaining as an opposing force in Europe, Germany began to prepare Operation Sealion, the invasion of Britain. Most of the British Armys heavy weapons and supplies had been lost at Dunkirk, but the Royal Navy was still stronger than the Kriegsmarine and kept control of the English Channel. The Germans then attempted to gain air superiority by destroying the Royal Air Force (RAF) using the Luftwaffe. The ensuing air war in the late summer of 1940 became known as the Battle of Britain. The Luftwaffe initially targeted RAF Fighter Command aerodromes and radar stations, but Luftwaffe Commander Hermann GÃ ¶ring and Hitler switched their attention towards bombing British cities, an offensive which became known as The Blitz. This diversion of resources allowed the RAF to rebuild their airbases, eventually leading Hitler to give up on his goal of establishing air superiority over the English Channel; this in turn led to the permanent postponement of Operation Se alion. With Germany and her allies having total control of the continent, the United Kingdom and its allies settled for strategic bombing and special forces operations in mainland Europe. Many of the conquered nations formed governments in exile and military units within the United Kingdom as well as domestic resistance movements. Germany, meanwhile, fortified its position by constructing the Atlantic Wall Research Papers on Events leading up to the war in EuropeAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Assess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeQuebec and CanadaGenetic EngineeringAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaBringing Democracy to AfricaPETSTEL analysis of India19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraDefinition of Export QuotasTwilight of the UAW

American History Since 1865 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

American History Since 1865 - Research Paper Example However, through their perseverance, this community has overcome their difficulties and the development of African Americans was unprecedented. This paper will discuss how African Americans have evolved as a strong presence within the American society from the status as slaves and what role they played within the American society and the laws that were enacted to give them their voice. The six major events of the history of African Americans are Harlem Renaissance, Black Power Movement, Thirteenth Amendment, Reconstruction, Great Migration and The Civil Rights Movement. Harlem Renaissance: Harlem Renaissance was an intellectual and literary flowering that promoted a new black cultural individuality from the 1920s to the 1940s. Certainly, African American culture had again been revived in Harlem Renaissance, which was considered as a cultural movement. During that period, it was also known as the "New Negro Movement†. Although it was centered in neighborhood of Harlem area of Ne w York City, lots of black writers from African and Caribbean city states who were residing in Paris were also affected by the Harlem Renaissance. The first phase of the Harlem Renaissance began in the late 1910s. In 1917, there was a premiere of many plays in a Negro theatre. These plays featured African-American artists, conveying complex human emotions and desires. They rejected typecasting of the blackface and traditions. During the same year James Weldon Johnson called the openings of these plays as an epoch making event in the whole history of the Negros in the Theaters in America. â€Å"These black intellectuals took inspiration from their African heritage and, through their works of creativity, provided racial uplift for their own communities† (4.4: The Civil Rights Movement (1954-1963), n.d.). As the World War I drew to an end, the tale of James Weldon and the poems of Claude McKay were unfolding the reality of African-American existence in America to the people, esp ecially the blacks. The Harlem Renaissance further developed out of various changes taking place within in the African-American community after the abolition of slave system. Similarly industrialization was drawing more people to cities from country areas and this trend gave birth to a new mass culture. The factors which led to Harlem Renaissance were the specific situation in the aftermath of the First World War that had created immense job opportunities in industries and reconstruction for a large number of people and the Great Migration of the African Americans to cities in the north. The Harlem Renaissance thus brought the Black experience within the throng of American cultural history through the integration of African Americans and their culture into the mainstream American society. The heritage of the Harlem Renaissance had redefined how America and the whole world viewed the African Americans. Black Power Movement: The Black Power Movement arises from the Movement of Civil R ights that had gradually increased the momentum of the uplifting of the African Americans during the 1950s and 1960s. Even though not a proper movement, the Black Power movement became another turning point in black and white relations in the US and also in how black persons perceived themselves. This movement was hailed by many as a proactive and positive force aimed at

Giving birth control devices to teenagers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Giving birth control devices to teenagers - Essay Example Birth control devices â€Å"could potentially make teenagers to think that they can have sex with anyone at any time and not have any consequences, but a lot of teenagers are uneducated about contraception and will misuse it, making it pointless† (What are the pros of giving free birth control to teens?). On the other hand, many people question the logic of providing birth control devices to teenagers. They are of the view that the easy accessibility of birth control devices may motivate teenagers further and further to engage in sexual activities. In their opinion, the fear of pregnancy is the only thing which prevents majority of teenagers from sexual activities. The availability of contraception or birth control devices will remove such fears from the minds of teenagers and they may increase their sexual activities beyond the limits. Teenage is a period during which the education of a person is taking place. Education is the most important thing in the life of a teenager. F ailure to complete the school or college life with flying colors may prevent the teenagers from getting better employment in future. In other words, security and safety of future life of a teenager are mostly depending on the academic qualifications. The availability of birth control devices may force the teenagers to shift their main focus from education to sexual activities. Such people will realize the consequences of their activities in future and they will not get any second opportunity to revert their future.

Why I want to study fashion design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Why I want to study fashion design - Essay Example Even as a child, I remember inventing clothes for my dolls and enjoying the activity and the imagination it entailed. Though these dolls already had nice outfits, however, I wanted to give them a personal touch of my own. My parents were amazed and thrilled by my creativity and effort to transform these dolls. From just one original outfit I would make several variations. Seeing my interest, as well as my knack for it, they decided to give me a ‘My size Barbie’ and a sewing machine as a Christmas present. That was the starting point; upon entering my teens, I started designing my own clothes along with those of my friends and relatives. I also started attending modeling classes. As I moved on to my college years I decided to pursue a career in Architecture. Putting my dreams of becoming a fashion designer aside, I decided to work in an Architecture firm for a while, thinking of later working in the family Architecture firm as well. However, I did not give up my passion f or fashion, whenever I had free time I kept creating my own designs and drawings of garments. I also had the habit of cutting out designs from magazines – designs I thought were interesting and which I could use as a foundation for further creativity perhaps. A few years later, I decided to move to the United States to get a masters degree in Architecture. After I was done with my masters, I went back to the wonderful world of fashion by getting into modeling school for the second time. This time, I was convinced that I should get back into fashion designing and not give up on my childhood dream. My family and friends not only supported my decision but have been a major motivating force. What is more, even acquaintances and other people have been really appreciative of my creative designs. Their praise has been a constant source of encouragement for me to take up fashion designing on a professional level. The support and praise I receive really helps me by backing up my decis ion to be a creative fashion designer. It feels good when I create, not only because I like it, but also because my designs are liked by people. I have therefore decided to go for a professional degree in fashion designing so that I could also learn about other aspects of the industry. I believe that a degree from Miami International University of Art and Design would help me to grow not only as a person but also as a professional who would be able to meet the challenges of the contemporary world. I have a multi-cultural background, and am greatly influenced by it. It shows in my work too as my passion for ethnic designs and use of fusion is my strongest point. As a child I was much enamored with the fashion magazines that showcased the clothes of leading fashion designers of Milan and Paris. However, as I grew up, I realized that while I am fascinated with the contemporary fashion designers, I am equally captivated by the variety found in ethnic designs. Culture has, therefore, bee n a very vital part of my creativity, which, I believe, needs to be used for exploiting my potential as a designer. In the present environment of globalization, a professional degree in fashion designing would equip me with more options to capably exploit the present opportunities, as well as help me gain a competitive advantage within the fashion industry. The Art Institute is renowned for offering a highly personalized degree. At the same time, it promotes a wide scope of personal development through cross-cultural interaction and community development. Indeed, it offers the best of both worlds: excellent academic programs and opportunities of personal development, both of which are essential for professional success in today’

Moral And Ethical Role Of Government Philosophy Essay

Moral And Ethical Role Of Government Philosophy Essay Ethics and morality form a central position in the functioning of the government. Under normal circumstances, it is the role of the government to ensure a just society where order and harmony exist. As a result the government has to establish and enforce ethical and moral standards so as to ensure that the society functions well. Decision making is the governments chief role. Therefore it must make ethical and moral considerations in order to make decisions that are in line with the welfare of the society. Ethics and morality are used interchangeably. The two terms are related in several ways. Nonetheless, there is an inconsequential dissimilarity linking the two. Most commonly is the fact that morality goes deeper than ethics in defining human behavior and conduct. Ethics refer to the standards that make the society a better place of all while morality provide for more deeper considerations that amount to religion and spirituality. In order for the government to ensure that ethical standards are adhered to, ethics and aspects of morality are entrenched into the law. This makes it conveniently possible to enforce ethical standards and ensure that all people conform to the law. However, certain aspects of ethics and morality cannot be made legal. This will make the society more complicated since certain morality aspects and ethics are perceptive. This brings into perspective the facet of belief and religion which formulates different people to hold diverse views on the concept of ethics and morality. The upshot is that, the government plays a significant role in enforcing ethics and morality. As a result it is expected that the leaders ensure that the society is just and orderly for all. The aim of this paper is to critically examine the role of the government in morality an ethics. To succeed in this endeavor, the paper will discuss different aspects of morality and ethics. Role of Government One of the central purposes of the government is to enforce the law. The law represents the will of the people who have their own cultural and ethical perceptions of reality. As a result the government enforces the ethical and moral values of the people it governs. In other words it can be rightly said that the government serves to accomplish the peoples perceptions of reality as represented in their ethical and moral values. This makes the role of the government more complex not forgetting that not all values of ethical and moral consideration can be enforced by the government. However, the government remains the prime custodian of peoples values. Ethics and moral values have a great influence on the operation of the society. It is therefore true that the government exercises control over the society. This is true in light of the task of enforcing laws. In order to get a better understanding of the role of the government as far as ethics and morality is concerned; more focus should be on the law (Preston Bishop 2000). The law is the governments instrument of power. To perform its functions, the government relies majorly on the law. On the other hand the law is perceived as being representative of the ethical, cultural and moral values of the people. Therefore as much as the law might not be the perfect tool of enforcing ethical and moral values, it remains the governments chief weapon against unprincipled practices and immorality. The law describes what is right and acceptable in society and therefore provides a blue print towards an ethical and just society. In order to affirm their quest for a just society, citizens are expected to adhere to the provisions of the law. Therefore, the law binds the society together bringing harmony among different people. Failure to conform to the law is perceived as breaking ethical standards established and is thus punishable. Therefore, the law is perceived as the peoples will to be enforced by the government. There are a lot of challenges the government faces in its ethical and moral roles. First and foremost are the different perceptions of ethics and morality. This is coupled by the practical reality that the law does not fully represent ethical and moral standards. Perceptions are a great threat to the governments role. This is due to the fact that certain parameters which are legal are sometimes perceived as violating ethical and moral standards. A good example is the issue of abortion. As much as abortion might be legalized, it still remains a debatable ethical issue. This is due to the fact that it is seen by some members in society as unethical. Other issues include divorce and promiscuity. These conflicts underline the fact that the law is not a sufficient tool of enforcing ethical and moral values. It underscores the failure of the government to ensure a just society through enforcing the law. Ethical and Social Obligations Ethics and a society are inseparable, due to the fact that ethical standards are the adhesive of a healthy society. Therefore there can never be a society without standards that define behavior and conduct. A just society can only exist in line with a set of values that represent the ethical and moral values of the people. A society on the other hand is governed by a group of leaders through the institution of government (Kizza, 2010). Therefore, it is obvious that it is the role of the government to ensure that the society is just and orderly. This is what is referred to as social obligations of the government. In essence the government is a tool of the society. It is established by the society to govern it and enforce laws that are deemed to represent the wishes, values and convictions of the people. The governments social obligations are nothing but the functions of ensuring that ethical and moral standards are adhered to accordingly. This involves the task of ensuring that the laws set represent the ethical and moral values of the people. Conversely, the government needs to go beyond the institutional role of enforcing laws to more welfare operations. This is line with the fact that the law in itself is inefficient as far as ensuring the enforcement of ethical and moral obligations is concerned. Decision Making A critical look at the origin of government points at the true essence of the institution. Several theories outline the origin of politics or government. Nevertheless, the contract of social theory is much relevance to the governments decision making role. Under the social contract theory, members of the society came together and surrendered their freedoms in exchange for order. In order to achieve this objective, the people established a government which was to govern the state on their behalf. Among the principal roles given of this institution was that of making decisions on behalf of the people (Cremer 2009). Therefore the governments most significant role is that of decision making. The role of making a decision is supposed to be in line with the interests and values of the society. This underscores the big role played by the government in ensuring a just society for all. Therefore in making a decision the government plays an important part in enforcing ethical and moral standards. Apart from enforcing the law which is perceived as the will of the people, the government has the authority to make decision that affect the functioning of the society. Therefore in making these decisions the government ought to put ethical and moral obligations in prime focus. In this role the aspect of public trust emanates. The government has been given the public trust which must be reflected in every decision it makes. Therefore public officials must make decisions that not only promote ethics and morality but also represent the same. In making decisions the government needs to be guided by two principal aspects. First and foremost is respect of the law. The law is the supreme guarantor of morality, ethics and justice. Therefore due importance should be granted to the law in the process of making decisions. Decisions that are contrary to the provisions of the law should be discouraged. The law should be the common denominator of all government decisions. This will protect the people from leaders with evil intentions. Another critical aspect of consideration is that of ethical consideration beyond the law. This should be interpreted in a positive manner to mean that the law should be upheld in high esteem but should not be the end of ethics. Certain aspects of morality and ethics are not entrenched in the law but should be upheld in decision making. This regards appointments and other aspects of governance. This calls for integrity on the part of state officials in the discharge of their duties. Need For Appropriate Actions Leadership is a delicate affair which involves a lot of aspects. Since leadership involves the tasks of vision, direction and governance a lot of care must be made to ensure that ethical and moral; standards do not take a back seat. The government is bestowed with a daunting task of ensuring order and justice in the society. This is to be achieved through the enforcement of laws that represent the ethical and moral values of the society. This is also done through the making of legal and ethical decisions. The government therefore plays a primary role in the whole concept of ethics and morality. Through its actions, decisions and operations the government has a lot of impact on the functioning of the society. There is need for appropriate actions on the part of the government so as not to undermine ethics and morality (Kiel Lennick, 2007). Since the success of a society depends on the manner in which ethical standards are adhered to, the government officials ought to be careful in th eir actions so as to promote a just and orderly society. It is against this background that governments need to put several measures in place so as to ensure that the aspect of ethics and morality plays an important role in its functions. This will result in a justly moral and ethical society which is what will make life better for the people. As far as the governments role in achieving justice and order in society is concerned, a number of considerations are necessary. Caution must be exercised in the process discharging the functions of the government. State officers ought to conduct their activities in manner that does not undermine ethical and moral values. To start with, it will be necessary to vet people before appointment to such positions. This will ensure that all those who get these positions are people of integrity. This will go a long way in ensuring that the role of the government in guaranteeing ethics and justice is not undermined by the quality of personnel in its ranks. Suggestions The ethical and moral role of the government is instrumental in ensuring justice and order in the society. Therefore it is upon the officials in the government to ensure that their actions and activities go in line which fostering harmony among the people. This will be achieved if all the laws are enforced in line with the peoples ethical and moral values as envisaged in the law. On top of these, the decision making arm of the government must be fully used to enhance ethical and moral values in the society. It will be against the purpose of ethics should state officials make illegal and unethical decisions. Apart from that state officials must be men and women of integrity so as not to compromise the values of the society. In order to succeed in this endeavor it will be appropriate for the government to classify its moral obligations into two. These are institutional duties and the social responsibilities. The former refers to the use of laws and structures of governance to enforce total adherence to moral and ethical values. This will call for the enactment of laws that represent the ethical and moral values of the people (Fisher 2003). Through the law, the government will ensure that there is justice and order in the society. Those who break the law should be liable for punishment. These will dissuade offenders and make society orderly and harmonious. Social responsibilities refer to those roles that affirm ethical values in the cultural set up. Through this arm, the government will set up and fund several organizations and commissions to cultivate tolerance, orderliness and ethics among the society. This will call for equity and equality so that all sections of the society feels taken care of. On to p of this is the decision making role f the government. The government should use its authority to make decisions in promoting justice, order and ethics. Conclusion The government is the chief custodian of morality and ethical values in the society. It is the role of the government to ensure that moral and ethical standards are maintained in the society so as to assure order and justice. The political system gives government the sole responsibility of ensuring stability, harmony and conformity in the society. It is along this line that the government plays an immense role in guaranteeing ethical and moral values. This role can be performed in many ways. Most commonly the enforcement focuses on the enactment of laws that represent the cultural and ethical values of the people. These laws are enforced so as to ensure conformity. Those who break the law are liable to punishment in accordance to the law. Through exercising the provisions of the law, the government achieves its objective of creating a just and orderly society. However, since ethics and morality are relative terms, not all aspects of ethics and morality can be entrenched into the law. This poses a challenge to the governments role of fulfilling ethical obligations. Therefore, it vital for the government to come up with other means of achieving justice and orderliness through ethics. Through its social obligations the government enforces ethical and moral standards in the society. This can be through its decision making arm and also through the establishment and funding of agencies and organizations that cultivate a culture of ethical values. The government also guarantees ethical values by granting freedom to the people to exercise their spiritual and religious convictions. Moral and ethical as pects have spiritual and cultural connotations, therefore through equality and freedom the government ensures justice in the society. The government plays a central role in ensuring ethics and morality in the society.

The Affect of Acupuncture on the Nervous System :: Biology Essays Research Papers

The Affect of Acupuncture on the Nervous System Acupuncture is an ancient practice which arouse in China at least two thousand years ago and has been used since then by healers to cure people of their ailments. The art is focused on the Qi (pronounced chee), which is the energy flow through the body. It is believed acupuncture helps to stimulate different areas of energy flow which can help cure pain and sickness(1). Although acupuncture has been around for a long time the validity of the techniques and results has been questioned by many medical specialists. Only fairly recently (mid 20th Century) did this practice come to the United States and it has yet to be accepted as a certifiable medical practice. Even though this is the case, acupuncture has been used to help treat asthma, myopia, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, stroke and obesity, just to name a few (5). Although the healing affects of acupuncture aren’t fully understood, they have been tied to different physiological changes in the body. As mentioned earlier, the natural energy in the body, Qi, is the focus of the treatment. Qi is connected to the ideas of Yin and Yang, which are two forces that offer balance to life. Yin and Yang have to be together because a disturbance in the relationship leads to disease (1). The image of Yin and Yang demonstrates how they have to be connected, represented by the white and black halves, each with a small circle of the other color. In this belief if the balance of energy in the body is thrown off, then the body becomes weak and sick. In Chinese medicine, when you restore the Qi in the body then health will return. The practice of acupuncture involves sticking very fine needles at different predetermined spots on the body: 365 points in a human body. These points have been uncovered over thousands of years but can not been seen through dissection or microscopy (6). It is believed that the insertion of needles at these points causes the Qi to move to the point. It is said that when a person is experiencing pain, that there is a blockage in the Qi in the body and that the acupuncture returns the flow to normal (1). Many of the acupuncture points are located only millimeters from peripheral nerves in the skin, others are very close to arteries.

Philosophy Epistemology Essay

Epistemology is one of the very important branches of philosophy. It is also known as the knowledge theory. The knowledge theory consists of three questions; â€Å"What is the origin of knowledge? What is the reliability of knowledge? & What is the criteria of knowledge? † Rene Descartes and John Locke really looked into epistemology and both had different theories to approach it. John Locke looked at empiricism and Rene Descartes looked at rationalism. John Locke was an English philosopher and formed his opinion around empiricism. Empiricism is an approach to doing philosophy stressing experience as the in road to all knowledge. The human being is a blank slate to him. Locke was a moderate skeptic, who doubted until valid proof was given to substantiate truth claims of a demonstrative and sensitive nature. The foundations of knowledge functioned in the following manner according to Locke. The human being takes in the external world through sensation (the five senses) and gives form to the experiential data through the processes of reflection. To Locke, intuitive knowledge is the most trustworthy because we automatically recognize the agreement or disagreement of ideas without the intervention of a â€Å"proof†. His criterion of knowledge depended on the force and intensity with which someone perceives either agreement or disagreement between ideas. So for example, we know that 2+3=5. We also know that 2+3 does not equal 7. Locke, unlike Descartes, argues against innate ideas. However, Locke believes that we are all born with the ability to acquire knowledge through the organization of sensate data by the cognitive capacities and capabilities we possess at birth, which are innate to the human. Descartes had a different view of epistemology. He argued for rationalism. Rationalism is an approach to philosophy that employs â€Å"pure reason† to acquire instances of fundamental truth. In Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes comes up with three fundamental truths by way of pure reason. The first fundamental truth is â€Å"I think, therefore I exist. † This fundamental truth establishes for Descartes the â€Å"essence† of the human being in his philosophy, as the â€Å"thing that thinks. † He is reflecting on himself as the â€Å"object of deception† and reasons that despite being deceived, as long as he can think about it, he exists. Having a clear perception of the fundamental truths can guarantee they can be trusted with absolute certainty and cannot ever be false. The three fundamental truths (self, god, & mathematics) are examples of innate knowledge, or truths that all humans are born with given to by God. Descartes says we can discover these truths through the Meditations, by way of doing philosophy, but we do not pursue these in the same manner we pursue other forms of knowledge such as science. The dream argument is aimed at the external world. It says that â€Å"I often have perceptions very much like the ones I have while I’m dreaming. There are no definite signs to distinguish dream experience from wake experience, so it is possible that I am dreaming right now and all my perceptions are false. † In my opinion, I think that John Locke’s position on empiricism is more philosophically sound to me. Just to re-cap, empiricism is an approach to doing philosophy stressing experience as the in road to all knowledge. The human being as a blank slate really makes sense to me. We automatically know that we can agree or disagree without having to have proof to go along with it. I think that sense experience is always the starting point to knowledge. I think in order to learn something in life you have to experience it first. You can’t just go out and expect the knowledge to be in your brain for no reason. For example, how would you know what the color blue looks like if you were born blind? You would need to use your senses to try and understand what the color is. God couldn’t just put it in your mind because it’s something that you just need to see. Also, you can learn from the experiences you go through. If you do something and it ends up being wrong, then you learn from that experience and how you can go about it differently next time. In my opinion, rationalism has some defects that would make it harder to understand philosophically. A rationalist comes to believe that knowledge is a lot like math. So pretty much, it is knowledge that comes before experience. Something that you already know, but have never experienced before. I think that is a bit problematic because how can you know something that you never experienced? Epistemology plays a big role in philosophy as does John Locke and Rene Descartes. They both have great views on epistemology looking at rationalism and empiricism. When thinking about rationalism, we know that knowledge can be acquired through reason alone and that we don’t need experience. But when thinking about empiricism, we know that we learn through our experiences as a person. Justifying truth as a philosopher, I would agree more with Locke’s view on empiricism. I believe that everything happens for a reason, and that you need experience to learn, and to grow as a person.

Essay on Married Couples

Essay on Married Couples Essay on Married Couples â€Å"Marriage Matters† The article, â€Å"Marriage Matters,† by Linda J. Waite, was featured in The Responsive Community in the summer of 1996. Throughout the article, Waite explains the physical, emotional, and financial benefits of being a part of a functioning marriage. Waite proclaims that we have been watching a steady decline in the popularity of marriage since the 1950’s. In that day and age, over two thirds of all men were married, black and white. By 1993, the tables had almost turned completely. Two thirds of black men and 40% of white men were not getting married. Waite believes that the decline in marriage is directly correlated with the rising popularity of cohabitation: living with someone in a sexual relationship without getting married. This causes more and more babies to be born into families with only one parent, which raises concern for the well being of both the child and the parent. Marriage not only provides personal security; it provides massive health benefits as wel l. Economist Lee Lillard conducted a study of married couples for over 20 years. Married couples, at any given point in time, have much lower risks of dying than those that are not in a relationship. He also found that single men, regardless of marital history, die much faster than women who are not in a relationship. On another note, married men are much less likely to abuse alcohol and other substances due to their feeling of responsibility that comes with marriage. Married men and women will reap significant financial benefits as well. Due to structure and routine that marriage provides, men and women are allowed to specialize. Instead of doing a little bit of everything, men and women will generally succumb to their gender roles, making it easier for men to focus most of his attention on work which will eventually lead to an increase in pay. This becomes even more prominent in a less traditional family where both partners are employed, giving the unit a dual source of income. On a more risquà © topic, sexual satisfaction increases dramatically on both physical and emotional levels within a marriage. Married couples, as well as cohabiting couples, enjoy very active sex lives. However, married couples have much better emotional and physical pleasure than those in a cohabiting relationship. Partners will spend years learning what their partner enjoys in the bedroom and will make it their goal to do it to the best of their ability. Cohabiting relationships will attempt the same thing, but

buy custom Business Communication Issue essay

buy custom Business Communication Issue essay In business, communication is the most essential part of any successful business. It plays an important role in managing one business; it is an art of conveying meaningful information between the interaction of the sender and the receiver. In communication we have to learn the basic 5 stages set by the interaction of two people (the sender, the receiver), a) sender is a person who addresses the message to another person, b) message is an information transmitted between two people having a conversion, c) encoding is a process where the message is put into symbols, d) channel is the medium the message pass through, e) receiver is a person who receives a message, f) decoding is the process where the message is translated and the meaning is generated, g) feedback is the message the receiver is ready to reply with for the initial message of the sender, h) barriers or interferences are things that affect normal communication between two people, example of barriers are the language, the sur roundings and the emotions. Communication has three purposes in the life of people who communicate to each ther, especially when using the communication as a tool in business, one of this is to make the communication effective. This first purpose of communication deals with the effectiveness of the message to be sent to the receiver, so that the delivery of message is well understood. The second purpose is the promotion of the meaningful exchange of information, this purpose deals with the topics to be used while having interaction with the other people, this will build a strong source of making the communication flow smoothly while having a conversation. The third purpose of the communication is building relationship with the partner or the stake holder, this simply means that while having communication one is building a relationship; it evolves the trust and respect of the people you are communicating with. In the business world, today managers spend most of their time in communicating with other people, like having a meeting or formal conversation, talking to the investors, in order to get their trust, or to become a part of the business, the upward and downward of communication (a manager passes down the message to the hierarchy of his employees). The 90% of their whole day of the managers is spent for this, they widely use much of theiir time in communicating with people. In making conversation with someone, one should consider the interpersonal communication and the intrapersonal communication. The difference of these two is that the intrapersonal communication correlates with the mind of a person, something occurring within the individual thoughts while talking to another person. The intrapersonal communication is the communication occurring between the two persons talking to each other. In order to distinguish a type of the communication we should always consider the formal and informal flow. The formal flow of communication is merely used in business relationship, organizational situations, like official meetings, memoranda, policies; and the informal communication is used outside the business world, like building a social relationship with colleagues and co-workers. Therefore I conclude that we need to learn the basic features of the business communication so we can identify what are the differences in communicating with the people outside a formal gathering, and how to make the communication more effective to attract the attention of the listener. Buy custom Business Communication Issue essay

Contemporary issue related to a sociological theory Term Paper

Contemporary issue related to a sociological theory - Term Paper Example The society is made of individuals and the cultural and societal norms is based on the shared meanings and understanding of the individuals within the society. This indicates that the shared meanings create the values placed on objects that society purchases and consumes. This also directs the consumer behavior, by which the private owners take advantage of, monopolizing the production and the market for certain products, like cellular phones or internet connection. Marx’s theory of commodity fetishism explains how products are given their values, how it affects the structure of capitalism and how these values and the exchange of value affects the social structure existing in the society. Fetishism is defined as an unusual display of devotion or intense attachment towards a certain object believing that it possesses extraordinary abilities and power (Morrison, 2006). Marx argues that individuals tend to fixate on objects believing that they have inherent value, something that is extraordinarily powerful. This makes the object valuable, according to the value the society placed on it. Capitalism is seen to promote the values of objects according to the group that owns the means of production. The value of each product or service is based on how capitalist see the product’s value and how the masses would accept the product. One good example for this is when the sms became a worldwide phenomena. Aside from the benefits and features along with it, everybody was going gaga over texting. Everything has its price and value, but in a sociological approach such as marking strategies, these capitalists create the want and the need of their products in the market. By attacking the market in a psychological manner creating the want, the value of a service and product will be set by these capitalist. This is an advanced strategy in business. In addition to that,

Nursing Practice. Roy Adaptation Model Research Paper

Nursing Practice. Roy Adaptation Model - Research Paper Example Adaptation is defined by RAM as the process and outcome, in which thinking and feeling of persons utilize conscious awareness to fashion integration between human perception and their environment. The paper explores the efficacy and application of Roy Adaptation Mode within the nursing practice. Roy Adaptation Model # 1a Summary of the Theory Roy’s adaptation model was advanced by Sr. Callista Roy and sums up as one of the broadly applied nursing models in nursing practice, education and research. The theory approaches nursing as the science that broadens adaptive abilities and promotes individual and environmental alteration. According to RAM, nursing goals pursue promotion of adaptation for persons and groups in four adaptive modes that contribute in the promotion of health, quality of life and dying with dignity (Clarke, Barone, Hanna & Senesac, 2011). Adaptation in this case is manifested by four interconnected modes of behavior: physiological, self-concept, role function and interdependence modes. RAM promotes nurse’s capabilities to enhance a person’s interaction with the environment to avail of an effective adaptation. According to RAM, an individual is described as an adaptive system capable of responding to diverse internal and external environment stimuli whether positively or negatively (Clarke, Barone, Hanna & Senesac, 2011). ... Roy adaptation model (RAM) is useful as it guides nursing practice and avails scientific knowledge for practice. The model has been essential in organizing nursing education, clinical assessment and intervention (Clarke, Barone, Hanna & Senesac, 2011). RAM comes out as an applicable, flexible and valuable model that can be employed in diverse aspects of nursing research. #1c Limitations of the Theory RAM has inspired the development of various middle range nursing theories. RAM arrangement of concepts is logical; however, the empirical precision of some terms and concepts is inadequate to mirror nursing disciplines. This may decrease the clarity of the model when employed in any specialized area of practice. The theory manifests explicit assumptions. These include the individual is mainly a bio-psycho-social being; the individual is in a continuous interaction with a changing environment; in order to cope with the changing world, individual usually employ both innate and acquired mec hanisms that are characteristically biological, psychological and social; health and illness are un avoidable dimensions in an individual’s life and in order to react positively to environmental changes, individuals must adapt (Clarke, Barone, Hanna & Senesac, 2011). # 2a Articles from the Nursing Literature that discusses RAM The application of RAM differs from one design to another depending on the predicted goals and the form of adaptation level required for monitoring. In the outlined studies, RAM plays a critical role in shaping research direction and the adaptation of participants. Huang, Carter & Guo (2004) study sought to estimate daytime sleepiness and measure factors unsettling the adaptation of sleep loss during the early postpartum